解放軍文職招聘考試2009大學(xué)德語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-05-1819:13:222009大學(xué)德語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題Teil2:Leseverstehen(40Punktefr30Testaufgeben)A.ImFolgendensindzweiLesetexte.ZujedemTextwerdeneinigeFragengestelltoderAussagengemacht.JedeAufgabehatvierAntwortmglichkeitenbzw.AussagenA),B),C)undD).NachdemSiedenTextgelesenhaben,whlenSiedierichtigeAntwortbzw.dierichtigeAussage.DannmarkierenSiedenentsprechendenBuchstabenaufdemAntwortbogen.(30Punktefr20Testaufgaben)Text1SolangeeinKindnochkleinist,soglaubenvieleVter,seialleindieMutterwichtigfrdasKind.SiewartenaufdieZeit,indermanmitdemKindetwasanfangenkann.DiemoderneForschunghatjedochherausgefunden:schoneinzweiMonatealtesBabykannMutterundVaterwahrnehmen(感覺(jué)到)undreagiertaufderenunterschiedlichesVerhalten.ZwischenVaterundKindentstehtdarumeineengeBeziehung,wennervonAnfangandasKindfttert(喂),mitihmsprichtundspielt.EineengeBeziehungimfrherenLebensaltererleichtertdemVaterseinewichtigeRolleinweiterenEntwicklungsphasendesKindes:1)DasKindistnichtnurvoneinerPersonabhngig.DasbegnstigtseinenWegindieSelbstndigkeit.2)DasVorschulkinderlebtdenVateralsBeispielderMnnerrolle.FrMdchenkannerschonjetztVorbild(榜樣)frdenMannalsPartnersein.NichtumsonstsagenkleineMdchen:Wennichgrobin,heirateichPapi.UndfrJungendiesesAlterslernterebensoschonvondemVater:IchmchtemalsowerdenwiePapi!3)ImSchulalterhatsichidealerweisedanneineherkameradschaftlichesVertrauensverhltnishergestellt.4)InderJugendzeitgewinntdieBeziehungzumVaterbesondereBedeutung.BeiderSuchenachdereigenenIdentitt(身份)habenJugendlichedervterlichenAutoritt(權(quán)威)unddemvterlichenVorbildkritischgegenberzustehen.FrMdchenisteineguteBeziehungzumVaterwichtig,umdieFrauenrolleanzunehmen.HateinMdchenz.B.einenautoritrenVater,hateswenigChancen,weiblichesSelbstbewusstseinzuentwickeln.DasKindbrauchtseinenVateralsoinjederPhaseseinerEntwicklung,betontdieExpertin,FrauProf.Wallis:a.Vtersolltensichbewusstsein,wiewichtigsiefrihreKindersind.b.VtersolltendemKinddieGelegenheitgeben,auchihreBerufsweltkennenzulernen.c.ImFalleinerTrennungsollteaufjedenFalldieBeziehungzudemElternteilerhaltenundgepflegtwerden,beidemdasKindnichtlebt.16.VieleVterglauben,.A)dasKindistabhngigvonbeidenElternteilenB)derVaterkannfehlen,dadieMutterfrdasKleinkindverantwortlichistC)manmusswarten,bisdasKindselbstetwasanfangenwillD)manhatihnenkeineZeitgegeben,damitsiesichumdasKleinkindkmmernknnen17.DasForschungsergebnisheit:EinzweiMonatealtesbaby.A)kenntseineElternnochnichtB)kannseineGefhleschonrichtigausdrckenC)magdieMuttermehralsdenVaterD)kannVaterundMutterschonunterscheiden18.WelcheAussageistdemTextnachfalsch?A)EineengeBeziehungzwischenVaterundKindisterstentstanden,wennsichderVaterumeskmmert..B)AuchwenndasKindkleinist,sollderVaterversuchen,mitihmzusprechenundzuspielen.C)WennsichderVatervonAnfanganumdasKindkmmert,wirdseineBetreuungsptererleichtert.D)WenndasKindgrerwird,brauchtsichderVaternichtmehrumdasKindzukmmern..19.WelcheAussageistdemPunkt1)nachrichtig?A)JeabhngigerdasKleinkindvondenElternist,destoselbstndigeristesspter.B)DiestarkeAbhngigkeitdesKindesvonderMutteristgnstigfrseineZukunft.C)DerrichtigeWegindieSelbstndigkeitist,dasseinKindvomVaterabhngt.D)EineengeBeziehungzwischenElternundKindistgnstigfrseinesptereEntwicklung.20.WelcheAussageistdemPunkt2)und3)nachrichtig?A)DasMdchenmagdenVatersehr,sodassesspternichtheiratenwill.B)DerJungemagdenVatersehr,sodassersptereinMannwiederVaterwerdenwill.C)WenndasMdchenindieSchulegeht,willsiedenVateralsKameradendorthaben.D)EsistganzidealfrdenJungen,dassderVaterauchmitihmindieSchulegeht.21.FrdieeigeneIdentittdesJungen.A)spieltdieAutorittdesVaterskeineRolle.B)brauchterdasVorbilddesVatersnicht.C)istesnotwendig,denVaterdirektalsVorbildzunehmen.D)istesnotwendig,dasvterlicheVorbildkritischzubetrachten.22.FrMdcheninderJugendzeit.A)istesgnstig,wenneseinenstrengenVaterhatB)istesgnstig,wennesdenVateralsFreundbetrachtenkannC)isteswichtig,durchdieAutorittdesVatersdieFrauenrollekennenzulernenD)isteswichtig,ohneHilfedesVatersselbstdieFrauenrolleanzunehmen23.WelcheAussageistdemPunktbnachfalsch?A)DerVatersolldemKindschildern,wieseineArbeitaussieht.B)DerVaterkanndemKindmalmitnehmenundseinenArbeitsplatzzeigen.C)DerVaterkanndasKindverlangen,ihmmalbeiderArbeitzuhelfen.D)DerVatersolldemKinderklren,waserinseinemBeruftunmuss.24.NachderTrennung.A)mussdasKindnurdieBeziehungzueinemElternteilbehaltenB)mussdasKindimmernochweitermitseinenElternlebenC)solldasKindwedermitseinemVaternochmitseinerMutterlebenD)solldasKindimmernochimKontaktzubeidenElternteilenbleiben25.WelcheAussagekannalsberschriftdesTextesdienen?A)InjedemAlteristderVaterwichtig.B)InderJugendzeitspieltderVatereinewichtigeRolle.C)DerEinflussderElternaufdieberuflicheEntwicklungdesKindesD)KindersollendieMnnerrollekennenlernen.Text2SprachreisenJuliahateineschlechteNoteinSpanisch,ChristinemchtenachdemAbituraufeineKunstschuleinNewYorkgehenundSophiewillendlichdieLiedtextevonErosRamazottiverstehen.DieIdee,eineSprachreisezumachen,kannganzunterschiedlichverwirklichtwerden.KeinlangweiligesLernen,sonderngemeinsammitJugendlichenausanderenLnderneinigeWochenvollerSport,PartysundAusflgeerlebenundfastnebenbeidieSprachebesserlernen.ImReisebrowerdenSprachreisenfrJugendlichealseinneuerMarktbezeichnet.Bevordudorthingehst,solltestduvorherbereinpaarDingenachdenken.Jegenauerduweit,destoschnellerwirstdudaspassendeAngebotfinden.SokannstduEnttuschungenundunntigeAusgabenvermeiden.UmdeineSprachkenntnissetatschlichzuverbessern,solltestdumindestenszweiWochenineinemLandbleibenundUnterrichtnehmen.AberdieReisedauerhngtnatrlichauchdamitzusammen,wievielGelddeineElternberhauptausgebenwollen.EinPreisvergleicheinzelnerAngeboteistzwarntzlich,aberauchschwierig.OftgibteseinekleinePreissenkung,wennGeschwisteroderFreundegleichzeitigbuchen.Grundstzlichgilt:DerReisepreissollderEndpreissein,indemalleKostenenthaltensind:Anreise,KostenfrWohnenundEssen,UnterrichtundBcher,Ausflge,mglicherweiseaucheineUnfall-undKrankenversicherung.SportanlagenstehenindenSchulenkostenloszurVerfgung.Sportunterrichtmussgetrenntbezahltwerden.Taschengeldistauchnichtdarin.GelerntwirdmeistensanfnfTageninderWoche.DieDauerdesUnterrichtsliegtdabeizwischenzweiundsechsStundenproTag.DerNachmittagstehtdirfrAusflgeundSportzurVerfgung.DukannstzwischenEinzelunterrichtundGruppenmitdreibisfnfzehnTeilnehmernwhlen.JekleinerdieGruppeist,destogreristderLernerfolg,weildereinzelneSchlerfterGelegenheithatzusprechen.Einzelunterrichtbringtnatrlichammeisten,istaberfrmanchenzuteuer.Wichtigist,dassduvorderReiseoderamerstenKurstageinenEinstufungstest(分級(jí)考試)machst,damitduineinepassendeGruppekommst.AndenunterrichtsfreienNachmittagenbietenalleSprachschulenAusflge,kurzeStdtereisenundZeitzurfreienVerfgung.AberauchfrsWochenendesollteesAngebotegeben,zumBeispielDisco,KinooderPartys.WenndueinbisschenmehralsSpielundSpaerwartest,kannstdueinekombinierte(組合式的)Reisebuchen,z.B.SprachkursmitSchwimmunterricht:vormittagsdieSprachelernen,nachmittagsineineSchwimmhalleoderaneinenBadeseegehen.OderdukannstnachmittagseinenbestimmtenSportlernen,wieTennisoderSurfen.WohnenkannstduinGastfamilienoderineinemMehrbettzimmerineinerWohnanlage.InderFamiliehatmanKontaktmitLandundLeuten.Mansieht,wiedieMenschenleben.AuerdemistdieAtmosphreeinbisschenpersnlicher.InderWohnanlagederSprachschulebietetdasgemeinsameWohnenmitJugendlichenausverschiedenenLnderndieMglichkeit,schnellvieleLeutekennenzulernenundzusammenmitderGruppeetwaszuunternehmen.26.WelcheAussageistdemInhaltdeserstenAbschnittsnachrichtig?A)DiemeistenSchlerwolleneineSprachreisemachen,weilsieeineschlechteNotehaben.B)WerimAuslandaufeineKunstschulegehenwill,musseineSprachreisemachen.C)BeiSprachreisenmachtmanvieleinteressanteDingeundlernteineFremdsprache.D)NurwennmandieLiedtexteeinesberhmtenSngerssingenwill,machtmaneineSprachreise.27.WereineSprachreisemachenmchte,.A)mussgenauwissen,waserwillB)findetinReisebrosschnelleinpassendesAngebot.C)sollerstimReisebrodarbernachdenken,wasmanwill.D)demwirdimmervomReisebroetwasPassendesempfohlen.28.DieVerbesserungderSprachkenntnissehngtdavonab,.A)obdieElternvielGeldhabenB)obmanvorhermindestenszweiWocheneinenSprachkursbesuchthatC)mindestenszweiWocheneinenSprachkursimAuslandzubesuchenD)mindestenszweiWocheneineReiseimAuslandzumachen29.DieReisewirdbilliger,.A)wennmanalleKostenfreineReiseunddenSportunterrichtbezahltB)wennmehrerePersonenzusammeneineSprachereisebuchenC)wennmankeinTaschengeldverlangtD)wennmandieSportanlagennichtbenutzt30.DerSprachunterrichtdauertmeistens.A)vormittagszweiundnachmittagssechsStundenB)tglichsechsStundenC)tglichentwederzweiodersechsStundenD)zweibissechsStundenvormittags31.Mankannambestenlernen,wennman.A)imEinzelunterrichtlerntB)ineinergroenGruppelerntC)ineinerkleinenGruppelerntD)ineinerGruppevomhherenNiveaulernt32.WelcheAussageistdemTextnachrichtig?A)AmWochenendegehenalleSchlerindieDisco,insKinooderzurParty.B)AufallenSprachreisengibtesAusflge,kurzeStdtereisenundfreieZeit.C)WerkeinenUnterrichtmanchenwill,kanneinenAusflugodereinekurzeStadtreisemachen.D)NachmittagsorganisiertdieSprachschuleimmerkostenloseVeranstaltungen.33.EsgibtauchkombinierteReisen,beidenen.A)mankeineSprache,sonderneinenbestimmtenSportlerntB)allenachdemSprachunterrichtschwimmengehenC)manaucheinenbestimmtenSportlernenkannD)manvormittagsSporttreibtundnachmittagsdieSprachelernt34.WennmanineinerGastfamiliewohnt,.A)kannmanJugendlicheausverschiedenenLndernkennenlernenB)kannmanzusammenmitandereninderGruppeetwasunternehmenC)istdieAtmosphrepersnlicherD)hatmaneinMehrbettzimmer35.IndiesemTextgehtesdarum,.A)wievieleineSprachreisekostetB)woeineSprachreisestattfindetC)weraneinerSprachreiseteilnimmtD)wieeineSprachreiseimAuslandorganisiertwirdB.WhlenSiedierichtigeLsung.(10Punktefr10Testaufgaben)DeutscheSprachkenntnissentzenIhnen!SielernenDeutsch?Ja?SiegehrendannzudergroenZahlvonDeutschlernenden.Deutschist36derammeistengelerntenFremdsprachen.DeutschkenntnissentzenIhnen.Deutschwirdvonetwa101MillionenMenschenalsMuttersprachegesprochen.37gibtesvieleMenscheninallerWelt,dieDeutschalsFremdsprachegelernthabenoderlernen.NurwenigeSprachenbietenIhneneinsogroesInformationsangebotwiediedeutscheSprache.Dasgiltz.B.38dieBuchproduktion.DieZahlderjhrlichindeutscherSprache39Buchtitelistsehrgro.NurinenglischerundchinesischerSprachegibtesmehrBcheralsaufDeutsch.AuchimInternetistdasInformationsangebotindeutscherSprachegro.GezhltnachSprachenistdiedeutscheSprachenachEnglischimInternetaufdem40Platz!NuraufEnglischgibtesmehrInternetseitenalsaufDeutsch.DieDeutschengeltenalsReise-Weltmeister.DazukommennochdeutschsprachigeTouristenausanderenLndern,vorallemaussterreichundderSchweiz.InvielenLndernbegegnen41BesucherundTouristenausDeutschland.BeidiesenBegegnungensinddeutscheSprachkenntnissenatrlichntzlich.AufderanderenSeitegibtesimdeutschsprachigenRaumvieleUrlaubsgebieteundSehenswrdigkeiten.GroeStdtewieBerlin,Hamburg,MnchenoderWiensindeineReise42.EbensosindStdtewieHeidelberg,BernoderSalzburgschneReiseziele.VieleberhmteKunstwerkesindimdeutschsprachigenRaum43.UmdieWerke44DichterwieJohannWolfgangvonGoetheoderFriedrichvonSchillerlesenzuknnen,brauchtmanguteDeutschkenntnisse.ImdeutschsprachigenRaumgibtessehrvieleMuseenundGalerien(畫(huà)廊,美術(shù)陳列館);esgibtvieleTheaterundOpernhuser;auchgibtesvieleBibliotheken,indenenwichtigeDokumenteausfrherenZeiten45.36.A)eineB)einC)einerD)eins37.A)soB)TrotzdemC)DeshalbD)Auerdem38.A)alsB)umC)frD)an39.A)erschienenenB)erscheinenC)erschienenD)erscheinenden40.A)groenB)erstenC)zweitenD)wichtigen41.A)SieB)dieC)denD)Ihnen42.A)WertB)wichtigC)schnD)gut43.A)bestandenB)verstandenC)entstandenD)gestanden44.A)deutscherB)deutschenC)deutscheD)deutschem45.A)gefundenknnenB)findenknnenC)zufindensindD)findensindTeil3:GrammatikundWortschatz(20Punktefr30Testaufgaben)A.WhlenSiedierichtigeLsung(10Punktefr20Testaufgaben)46.DerDeutschkurswendetsichbesonders_____Studenten,istaber_____alleanderenSprachinteressiertengeeignet.A)fr...anB)fr...umC)an...frD)um...berr47.MonikasuchteinenPartner,_____siesichverlassenkann.A)andenB)aufdenC)andemD)aufdem48.ZurzeitkaufenvieleLeutekaumnochAutos,_____denAutoherstellerngroesorgemacht.A)dieB)umdieC)dasD)was49.leidergibtesinderNhekeineGeschfte,_____mannachderArbeitschnellzumEinkaufengehenkann.A)dorthinB)dortC)indasD)wohin50.IchriefbeiPeteran,_____ichdieHausaufgabengemachthatte.A)sobaldB)bisC)solangeD)seitdem51.MeinFreundbekamsogroeSchmerzenamFu,_____ernichtlaufenkonnte.A)daB)damitC)dassD)obwohl52.HerrMllersolldasRauchen_____,trotzdemrauchterschonwieder.A)abgebenB)aufgebenC)ausgebenD)herausgeben53.JemehrAutosproduziertwerden,desto_____sinkendiePreise.A)grerB)billigerC)hherD)strker54.Hastduschongehrt?DerneueKollege_____inBerlinPhysikstudierthaben.A)sollB)mussC)seiD)wrde55.EinAufsatz,dernochFehlerhat,isteinnoch_____Aufsatz.A)korrigierterB)sichkorrigierenderC)zukorrigierenderD)korrigierender56.WenndieMutternichtdabeigewesenwre,_____dasKindinsWasser_____.A)wrde...gefallenB)ist...gefallenC)sei...gefallenD)wre...gefallen57.Ich_____michdamalsbeidirpersnlich_____,aberichkonnteleidernichtkommen.A)htte...bedanktB)mchte...bedankenC)habe...zubedankenD)bin...zubedanken58.Sieistsehrunfreundlich,_____willichsieniewiedersehen.A)trotzdemB)dennC)deshalbD)aber59._____erdochnursofleiiggewesenwieseinVaterindemAlter!A)WennB)WreC)SolangeD)Wrde60.DerPolizistfragteHerrnSchmidt,oberdenUnfallgesehen_____.A)wrdeB)wreC)seiD)habe61.Waskannmannichtergreifen?A)einenErfolgB)dieGelegenheitC)ManahmenD)dasWort62.MitBrillekannichallessehen,ohneBrillekannich_____erkennen.A)nieB)keinC)nichtD)nichts63.InseinemZimmer_____,zogersichnurdenMantelaus,bevorersichinsBettlegte.A)ankommenB)ankommendC)angekommenD)anzukommen64.EineZeitung_____,warteteeranderBushaltestelle.A)lesendB)gelesenC)lesenD)las65.WarumhabeneinigeMenschenErfolgundanderenicht?_____gibteskeineganzeinfacheAntwort.A)DaherB)DaraufC)DafrD)DadurchB.ErgnzenSiedieStze.(10Punktefr10Testaufgaben)66.IchwarnichtdarberimKlaren,wasichsagensollte.67.bestehtdasProblem?68.Erhataufgehrtrauchen.69.Gabiweinicht,wassieinderFreizeittunsoll,esFranznielangweiligwird.70.ManmusssichdieVerkehrsregelnhalten.71.DerErfolg,denwirerzielthatten,entsprachleidernichtErwartungen.72.EristdererfolgreichstenMusikerunsererZeit.73.DusolltestetwasmehrRcksichtaufdeineEltern.74.AlsKandidatkommtfrmichnurHerrMllerin.75.sogutundsprichetwasleiser!Teil4:bersetzungausdemDeutscheninsChinesische(10Punktefr5Testaufgaben)76.DenLesernsteheninderBundesrepublikDeutschlandrund13500ffentlicheBibliothekenmitber129MillionenBndenzurVerfgung.77.NachBeendenderSchulelernendiemeistenJugendlicheninDeutschlandinderRegeleinenstaatlichanerkanntenBeruf.78.MitderEntwicklungderTechniksinddieTelefonkundenzuHauseundunterwegsunterdergleichenNummerzuerreichen.79.DeutschlandgehrtzudenLndernderWelt,dieeinengroenBedarfanEnergiehaben.InDeutschlandliegtdieEnergieversorgunginderHandprivatwirtschaftlichgefhrterBetriebe.80.DieFirmahat2005ihrbestesErgebnisseit5Jahrenerzielt.DerGewinn(利潤(rùn))istimVergleichzu2004von4,2MillionenEuroauf5,3MillionenEurogestiegen.
解放軍文職招聘考試《2014蘇州大學(xué)公共管理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論考研復(fù)習(xí)精編》(含真題與答案)-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育
解放軍文職招聘考試《2014蘇州大學(xué)公共管理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論考研復(fù)習(xí)精編》(含真題與答案)發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-06-0120:50:37《2014蘇州大學(xué)公共管理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論考研復(fù)習(xí)精編》(含真題與答案)一、鳳凰考研寄語(yǔ)1、成功,除了勤奮努力、正確方法、良好心態(tài),還需要堅(jiān)持和毅力。2、不忘最初夢(mèng)想,不棄任何努力,在絕望中尋找希望,人生終將輝煌。二、適用專業(yè)與科目1、適用專業(yè):政治與公共管理學(xué)院:行政管理、社會(huì)醫(yī)學(xué)與衛(wèi)生事業(yè)管理、土地資源管理2、適用科目:654公共管理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論三、內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介與價(jià)值(1)考前必知:學(xué)校簡(jiǎn)介、學(xué)院概況、專業(yè)介紹、師資力量、就業(yè)情況、歷年報(bào)錄統(tǒng)計(jì)、學(xué)費(fèi)與獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金、住宿情況、其他常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題。(2)考試分析:考題難度分析、考試題型解析、考點(diǎn)章節(jié)分布、最新試題分析、考試展望等;復(fù)習(xí)之初即可對(duì)專業(yè)課有深度把握和宏觀了解。(3)復(fù)習(xí)提示:揭示各章節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)、總結(jié)各章節(jié)常見(jiàn)考查題型、提示各章節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)與方法。(4)知識(shí)框架圖:構(gòu)建章節(jié)主要考點(diǎn)框架、梳理全章主體內(nèi)容與結(jié)構(gòu),可達(dá)到高屋建瓴和提綱挈領(lǐng)的作用。(5)核心考點(diǎn)解析:去繁取精、高度濃縮初試參考書(shū)目各章節(jié)核心考點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行詳細(xì)展開(kāi)解析、以星級(jí)多寡標(biāo)注知識(shí)點(diǎn)重次要程度便于高效復(fù)習(xí)。強(qiáng)化沖刺階段可直接脫離教材而僅使用核心考點(diǎn)解析進(jìn)行理解和背記,復(fù)習(xí)效率和效果將比直接復(fù)習(xí)教材高達(dá)5-10倍。該內(nèi)容相當(dāng)于筆記,但比筆記更權(quán)威、更系統(tǒng)、更全面、重難點(diǎn)也更分明。(6)習(xí)題精選與答案詳解:演練適當(dāng)數(shù)量典型習(xí)題,能進(jìn)一步理解和鞏固考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,是核心考點(diǎn)解析的必要補(bǔ)充。歷年很多真題皆出自這些習(xí)題或是習(xí)題的變形。(7)歷年真題與答案解析:反復(fù)研究近年真題,能洞悉考試出題難度和題型;了解常考章節(jié)與重次要章節(jié),能有效指明復(fù)習(xí)方向,并且往年真題也常常反復(fù)再考。該內(nèi)容包含2007-2011考研真題與答案解析,每一個(gè)題目不但包括詳細(xì)答案解析,而且對(duì)考查重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析說(shuō)明。
解放軍文職招聘考試四級(jí)高分心得:模擬題真題最有效-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-06-1021:28:37四級(jí)高分心得:模擬題真題最有效在這里談四級(jí)備考心得有些汗顏,因?yàn)楸救诉^(guò)四級(jí)是N年前的事,那會(huì)兒的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還是60分算過(guò),發(fā)個(gè)紅本本。況且本人雖是一次通過(guò),分?jǐn)?shù)實(shí)在不夠漂亮。但是,或許對(duì)于大多數(shù)四級(jí)后浪們來(lái)說(shuō),通過(guò)或者425分才是眼下最直接的目的,因此我這個(gè)前浪的某些所謂備考經(jīng)驗(yàn),也許夠得上不求高分,但求通過(guò)的要求,遂大言不慚地說(shuō)上一回。思想要重視我是考前兩個(gè)月開(kāi)始著手準(zhǔn)備的,不過(guò)除掉吃吃喝喝犯懶走神的時(shí)間,真正用心的時(shí)候并不多我想如果我更用心一些,也許分?jǐn)?shù)就上能更好看些。因此,準(zhǔn)備四級(jí),最重要的是首先在思想上重視起來(lái)。大家剛經(jīng)歷過(guò)高考(論壇)不久,高中的英語(yǔ)(論壇)底子基本都還在,只要上大學(xué)后不是放縱得太厲害,略用心準(zhǔn)備一下,通過(guò)四級(jí)都不算很困難。但是,很多人都沒(méi)想到要重視四級(jí),覺(jué)得四級(jí)簡(jiǎn)單,憑高中的基礎(chǔ)混個(gè)425分問(wèn)題不大,于是英勇地裸考,結(jié)果自然愁眉苦臉(往往只差那么一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)),本人當(dāng)年的諸多同班同學(xué)(尤其是男生)皆是這樣陰溝翻船。四級(jí)再容易,也是一門(mén)帶有選拔性質(zhì)、有通過(guò)率和淘汰率的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試,不重視或者不加準(zhǔn)備,想過(guò)關(guān)也沒(méi)那么容易。除非你高中就有了專八的水平,或者從小就是天才神童,否則,像我們這樣的普通孩子還是踏實(shí)準(zhǔn)備、細(xì)心應(yīng)考的好。無(wú)論考試還是機(jī)遇,都只青睞有準(zhǔn)備的腦袋,不勞而獲那是童話。備考主題:模擬題+真題說(shuō)實(shí)話,我沒(méi)有背單詞。雖然也裝模作樣地買(mǎi)了本四級(jí)詞匯,沒(méi)事就揣在包里,想著路上車(chē)上等人的間隙拿出來(lái)背兩個(gè)單詞,其實(shí)收獲不大,光背不應(yīng)用很快就忘,到考完四級(jí)也沒(méi)把A背完。頭幾頁(yè)的單詞倒是都記得爛熟,考試時(shí)統(tǒng)統(tǒng)沒(méi)考到。我的主要備考方式就是做題,先做模擬題,再做歷年真題。做模擬題時(shí),剛開(kāi)始不要限制做題時(shí)間,放開(kāi)了讓自己做,什么時(shí)候做完什么時(shí)候算完,主要目的是熟悉試卷結(jié)構(gòu)和題量設(shè)置。做題頻率不要太高,一天最多一套,一周2-3套也可。但每做完一套題,要仔細(xì)核對(duì)參考答案,尤其要留意答案解析,弄清楚每一道題對(duì)在哪里,錯(cuò)在哪里(因此買(mǎi)輔導(dǎo)書(shū)時(shí),最好挑那些答案解析比較詳細(xì)的)。注意,不要因?yàn)檫@道題做對(duì)了就不看答案解析,多看一遍解析可以鞏固知識(shí)點(diǎn),再說(shuō)如果是你蒙對(duì)的呢?半個(gè)月后,依然做模擬題,此時(shí)開(kāi)始要有意識(shí)地控制答題時(shí)間,事先按自己的實(shí)際情況分配好各類題目的作答時(shí)間,盡量要求自己在計(jì)劃時(shí)間內(nèi)答完所有題目。每做完一套題,依然要對(duì)答案、看解析。考前一個(gè)月左右,開(kāi)始做真題。真題不用多,10套左右即可,也就是最近5年內(nèi)的。做題頻率也不要太高,2天一套最好。做題方法同模擬題,但注意要嚴(yán)格控制時(shí)間,一定要逼自己在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)做完所有題目,拿不準(zhǔn)的題目先跳過(guò),最后沒(méi)時(shí)間了就猜一個(gè)答案,千萬(wàn)不能對(duì)自己心軟,因?yàn)榭荚嚂r(shí)間一到監(jiān)考老師是不會(huì)手軟的。做真題時(shí),就盡量不要選擇晚自習(xí)時(shí)間,而是選擇與考試同步的時(shí)間(上午9:00-11:00),目的是調(diào)整大腦的生物鐘,讓它在考試時(shí)間里保持興奮狀態(tài),而不是在晚上或者其他時(shí)間興奮,興奮也白搭。聽(tīng)力不用太早開(kāi)始練,考前20天差不多。也別每天戴著耳機(jī)不停地聽(tīng),聽(tīng)麻木了就沒(méi)感覺(jué)了,再說(shuō)耳機(jī)這東西并不利于耳朵健康。最重要的是,做完一套題目后,無(wú)論模擬題真題,都要弄懂自己錯(cuò)了哪些題目,為什么錯(cuò),欠缺的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是什么,然后有意識(shí)地查缺補(bǔ)漏。實(shí)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)備戰(zhàn)數(shù)月,成敗就在考場(chǎng)上的2小時(shí),講求一定的策略和技巧還是很有必要的。我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是:聽(tīng)力:聽(tīng)之前抓緊時(shí)間把題目和選項(xiàng)大致瀏覽一遍,對(duì)提問(wèn)范圍先有所了解,甚至可以把關(guān)鍵詞圈出來(lái)。帶著問(wèn)題去聽(tīng)錄音材料,比較有方向感。寫(xiě)作:考前多看幾篇范文,多背幾種復(fù)雜從句模板,考試時(shí)用內(nèi)容一套就可以。四級(jí)寫(xiě)作還是相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,大家都是簡(jiǎn)單句走全篇時(shí),你有幾個(gè)漂亮的復(fù)雜從句,閱卷老師會(huì)覺(jué)得眼前一亮,分?jǐn)?shù)自然就上去了。另:拿不準(zhǔn)的題目,就都選B吧,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),正確答案是B的幾率最高。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀超級(jí)攻略向大家介紹兩種英語(yǔ)閱讀過(guò)程當(dāng)中必須使用的方法,skimming和scanning。中文意思無(wú)關(guān)緊要,關(guān)鍵的是希望大家能夠掌握并熟練使用這兩種方法。1.skimming在牛津詞典當(dāng)中的解釋是:readquickly,notingonlythechiefpoints在韋氏詞典里的的解釋是toread,study,orexaminesuperficiallyandrapidly;especially:toglancethrough(asabook)forthechiefideasortheplot2.scanning在牛津詞典當(dāng)中的解釋是glaceatquicklybutnotverythoroughly在韋氏詞典當(dāng)中的解釋是:toglancefrompointtopointofoftenhastily,casually,orinsearchofaparticularitem(scanthewantadslookingforajob)家里有掃描儀的朋友可能知道scan的意思是掃描。其實(shí)掃描和兩本字典里對(duì)于這種閱讀方法的描述并不矛盾為了尋找某一特定信息而大致地快速地瀏覽。那么建議大家在做題的時(shí)候按照以下步驟來(lái):個(gè)別考生如果閱讀速度快的話,可以再檢查一遍。超級(jí)技巧1、聽(tīng)力,有三種題型,dialogue(十個(gè)對(duì)話),passage(三個(gè)短文),compounddictation(復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě),也就是傳說(shuō)中的段子題),第一種每年必考,后兩種逐年交替,其中考passage的次數(shù)相對(duì)較多。最容易得分的是dialogue和passage,只要記住一個(gè)超級(jí)技巧即可:對(duì)話所述事情總是向不好的方面發(fā)展。舉幾個(gè)例子:比如對(duì)話里問(wèn)教授的講座lecture難不難,記住一定難,老師的作業(yè)assignment多不多,一定多,男士發(fā)出的邀請(qǐng),女士會(huì)答應(yīng)嗎,永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì),永遠(yuǎn)是一個(gè)傻哥們發(fā)出邀請(qǐng),邀請(qǐng)的對(duì)象是Mary,問(wèn)我們游泳好嗎,滑冰好嗎,跳舞好嗎,吃飯好嗎,Mary的回答永遠(yuǎn)是,我非常的想去,but不去,四級(jí)考了十幾年了,Mary從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò),今年照樣不會(huì)。所以大家記住,只要是對(duì)話,必然會(huì)發(fā)生意外的事情,再舉個(gè)例子,兩個(gè)選項(xiàng),A火車(chē)準(zhǔn)時(shí),B火車(chē)晚點(diǎn)如果你是出題老師,你怎么設(shè)置對(duì)話,當(dāng)然是晚點(diǎn)了,準(zhǔn)時(shí)有什么好說(shuō)的,總不能兩個(gè)神經(jīng)病,或者是兩人剛談戀愛(ài),來(lái)到車(chē)站,沒(méi)話找話,男的說(shuō),哇,火車(chē)準(zhǔn)時(shí)了,女的說(shuō),咿!還真準(zhǔn)時(shí)了耶!所以準(zhǔn)時(shí)是不可能的,不好的事情一般都是最后的答案!對(duì)于compounddictation,上學(xué)期我運(yùn)氣好沒(méi)有考這個(gè),但是我覺(jué)得這種題確實(shí)比較難,只能豎直耳朵專心聽(tīng)了,即使聽(tīng)不懂,也要根據(jù)上下文瞎猜一個(gè),空著肯定沒(méi)分,瞎猜說(shuō)不定老師看錯(cuò)了還會(huì)給你一分!我想補(bǔ)充的是,千萬(wàn)不要聽(tīng)歷年真題,不管是磁帶還是MP3,這些只會(huì)讓你覺(jué)得更煩,我當(dāng)時(shí)就只是在我mp3里面存了一些BACKSTREETBOY的aslongasyouloveme,IPROMISEYOU等和Mariahcarey的AlwaysBeMyBaby等等,當(dāng)我困了的時(shí)候就在自習(xí)室里假寐一會(huì)兒,聽(tīng)歌養(yǎng)神!2、閱讀,這是我們應(yīng)考的重點(diǎn),閱讀題得分的高低直接影響到你是否能過(guò),在這里我針對(duì)每種題型談一談㈠事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題,據(jù)我的觀察,每年必考地方是列舉處,即有first,sceond,inaddition的地方,還有舉例與打比方的地方,即有as,such,forinstance等出現(xiàn)的地方,有幾個(gè)應(yīng)考規(guī)律,大家記住,1)選項(xiàng)中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案,而同義詞替換的是正確答案。2)選項(xiàng)中表達(dá)意義較具體,也就是句子較長(zhǎng)的一般不是答案而概括性的,抽象的是答案。3)選項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的比如must,never,merely等不是答案而有不十分肯定語(yǔ)氣詞的是正確答案,比如could,might,possible等。㈡詞義及語(yǔ)義判斷題,常考有指代上下問(wèn)語(yǔ)義功能的名詞和一詞多義的詞組,另外復(fù)雜句由于其句子之間的關(guān)系復(fù)雜,也常成為考查理解能力的一種手段,大家只要記住一個(gè)規(guī)律即可,那就是選項(xiàng)含義與被考單詞在含義上膚淺相近的一般不是答案㈢推理判斷題,有如下幾個(gè)技巧。1)若要求對(duì)某段內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推論,那么就只看題干要求作答的那一段。2)選項(xiàng)中采用試探性,不十分絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的比如tendto,offten等一般是答案。3)符合常識(shí)邏輯的一般是答案,比方說(shuō)為什么中國(guó)比較窮,是因?yàn)槿丝诒姸?,為什么美?guó)人很胖,是因?yàn)樗麄兂缘目系禄?,麥?dāng)勞太多了)。㈣主旨大意題和觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題,這兩種相對(duì)都比較難,大家的得分都不是很高,所以即使你做的不好也別太介意。這兩道題,我當(dāng)時(shí)是在十分緊迫的情況下,只讀了首尾段,然后迅速選擇的,其實(shí)最后效果還不錯(cuò),閱讀考了二百多分!3、詞匯,對(duì)于這種題,當(dāng)你看到我的博客以后,回去趕緊扔掉那些什么詞匯串聯(lián)記憶,星火記憶,黑白記憶,什么家譜式記憶,連環(huán)記憶之類的書(shū)吧,或者送人,或者保存好,來(lái)年賣(mài)給不懂事的大一新生們,要不就拿去墊桌角,方方正正的多好??!我認(rèn)為背單詞是一種投入和產(chǎn)出極不成比例的做法,極其愚昧和迷信!我當(dāng)年是這樣做的,考前兩天(一定不要太早,否則還會(huì)忘掉),瀏覽了一下課本后面的四級(jí)詞組,考試時(shí),只要選項(xiàng)里有出現(xiàn)課本上的單詞或詞組,那么不要猶豫,選定她!我還想提醒大家,千萬(wàn)不要在30個(gè)詞匯題上浪費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間,要知道每個(gè)題才0。5分啊,而閱讀呢,一個(gè)2分,把時(shí)間節(jié)省出來(lái)做閱讀吧!我當(dāng)時(shí)用我的方法再加上1/4蒙題的概率,最后綜合項(xiàng)(包括完形填空)考了一百多分。4、完形填空題和簡(jiǎn)短回答題,這兩個(gè)題也是逐年交替,其中前者出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于后者,如果你遇到的是完形填空題,你應(yīng)該慶幸,整個(gè)四級(jí)考試中,數(shù)她最簡(jiǎn)單了,我當(dāng)時(shí)壓根兒就沒(méi)有看題目一眼,直到考試結(jié)束鈴響了,我才開(kāi)始拿著機(jī)讀卡瞎蒙,我當(dāng)時(shí)坐在最后一排,當(dāng)收卷子的女老師走到我跟前時(shí),我還有五道題沒(méi)有涂卡,我深情地對(duì)她說(shuō),天氣很熱,您也很累了吧,她笑著對(duì)我說(shuō),謝謝,還行。在這一瞬間,我把所有的題都涂完了。大家參加過(guò)高考的人都知道,做一個(gè)完形填空題花的時(shí)間可能超過(guò)兩道閱讀題,但是得分呢?相信大家都心中有數(shù)。幸虧四級(jí)考試中此題每個(gè)才0.5分,即使真正的高手在這個(gè)題上也不會(huì)超過(guò)你五分的,但是花的時(shí)間卻是你的30倍左右(我當(dāng)時(shí)做這個(gè)題前后大概只用了18秒)。我一直認(rèn)為,對(duì)于完形填空,命題者的真正意圖不是考查你的知識(shí)水平,而是考查你是否會(huì)合理安排時(shí)間!如果你不幸遇到了簡(jiǎn)短回答題,說(shuō)實(shí)話,我也沒(méi)有好辦法,這種題雖說(shuō)千年難遇一次,但是我認(rèn)為這是四級(jí)考試中最有水平,最不好應(yīng)對(duì)的題,出題人一定來(lái)自天外星球!遇到這種題,如果你有興趣,那就試一下,如果實(shí)在不會(huì)做,那么你就認(rèn)倒霉吧!在大學(xué)里有一句話說(shuō)的好:一生中,誰(shuí)沒(méi)有幾次踩到大便的時(shí)候!5、寫(xiě)作,我認(rèn)為這是最容易應(yīng)對(duì)而且也是最容得分的題!只需考前花9秒種,即有可能取得9分(滿分10分制)以上的好成績(jī)。我當(dāng)時(shí)只是在開(kāi)考前熟記了兩個(gè)比較有難度的經(jīng)典句型,考試時(shí)想辦法在在首句和結(jié)尾處各用了一個(gè),然后剩余部分,或者自由發(fā)揮,或者寫(xiě)幾段我喜歡的英文歌詞(注意不是漢語(yǔ)拼音的),或者寫(xiě)一下李陽(yáng)瘋狂英語(yǔ)里的搞笑句子。兩月征服四級(jí)70%實(shí)力+20%技巧+10%運(yùn)氣三月四日早上七點(diǎn),終于快等到四級(jí)成績(jī)發(fā)布的消息了,坐在電腦屏幕前看著那九點(diǎn)才發(fā)布的消息,無(wú)奈地揉了揉睡眼惺忪的眼睛,突然,看到網(wǎng)上有人說(shuō)可以打通訊電話查了,我馬上彈了起來(lái),把準(zhǔn)考證找到,顫抖地按下了四級(jí)考試查分專線,隨著成績(jī)一門(mén)一門(mén)地報(bào)出,總算松了口氣,473分,終于考過(guò)了很多同學(xué)問(wèn)我,到底怎么考過(guò)的,我只把自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)隨便說(shuō)了說(shuō),沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)的跟大家闡述過(guò),那么在這里我就把我兩個(gè)月內(nèi)攻關(guān)四級(jí)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)跟大家說(shuō)一說(shuō),作為一種交流吧。新四級(jí)跟舊的四級(jí)不一樣,新四級(jí)的題型作為我個(gè)人來(lái)看,并不是很科學(xué),除了作文以外。因?yàn)轭}量偏大,如果沒(méi)有扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)功底,想過(guò)425分恐怕很難,不過(guò),這里也有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)小技巧在里面。首先,我們首先定第一個(gè)目標(biāo)。既不是突擊單詞,也不是突擊閱讀,而是盡量在規(guī)定的2小時(shí)20分鐘內(nèi)完成,怎么完成?那就是研究題型。市面上有很多四級(jí)真題和預(yù)測(cè)題,大家可以買(mǎi)一套來(lái)做做。研究題型非常重要,因?yàn)橹褐?,百?zhàn)不殆,你如果連對(duì)方都不了解,怎么去戰(zhàn)勝他?買(mǎi)回試題后,爭(zhēng)取每天做一套完整的,包括聽(tīng)力(作文除外),給自己規(guī)定時(shí)間,作文三十分鐘除外,拿個(gè)秒表開(kāi)始做題,中途碰到不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞,不要中斷,不要對(duì)答案,繼續(xù)往下做,直至做完。然后再去對(duì)答案,根據(jù)自己的習(xí)慣,把自己做錯(cuò)的標(biāo)記一下,平時(shí)有時(shí)間就把做過(guò)的卷子拿出來(lái)溫習(xí)。第二,單詞和寫(xiě)作。其實(shí)我說(shuō)單詞并不是要大家去拿本四級(jí)的單詞書(shū)正天背來(lái)背去,背到天昏地暗,這樣你就能過(guò)四級(jí)了,這種想法是錯(cuò)誤的。我個(gè)人認(rèn)為,掌握了三級(jí)詞匯,基本上就夠用了,因?yàn)樵~匯這種東西,并不是三天兩頭就能突擊的,所以單詞全靠平時(shí)的累積。當(dāng)然,我突擊的那兩個(gè)月是讀預(yù)測(cè)題里作文的范文,每天讀,不背,但是讀的時(shí)候要去理解作者的思路,就是他為什么會(huì)這么寫(xiě),然后背一些轉(zhuǎn)折用的句子或者單詞,如,F(xiàn)irstandforemost、Sofar、Justasacoinhastwosides等等。我買(mǎi)的預(yù)測(cè)題一共16套,我只做完了14套,也就是說(shuō)我作文只選擇性地讀了14篇,包括議論文,記敘文,說(shuō)明文,信這四種文體。而且我的大部分四級(jí)的詞匯都是靠了這十幾篇作文累積的。第三,聽(tīng)力。因?yàn)樗募?jí)聽(tīng)力實(shí)際上是不難的,無(wú)非就是語(yǔ)速快,讓人反映不過(guò)來(lái),而且最要命的是還加了填空,不但有單詞填空還有句子填空,分?jǐn)?shù)比例是比較大的。其實(shí)聽(tīng)力我沒(méi)什么說(shuō)的,除了每天聽(tīng)一套預(yù)測(cè)聽(tīng)力題目外,我沒(méi)別的技巧,完全是靠多做題多練習(xí)。最后一部分就是綜合題了,包括完形填空和翻譯。翻譯都是給出個(gè)句子,里面給出個(gè)空,后面有中文,要你根據(jù)中文結(jié)合這句話把句子翻譯完整。這兩個(gè)就是平時(shí)的練習(xí)了,也沒(méi)有技巧??偟膩?lái)說(shuō),以上是我給各位想要在剩下兩月內(nèi)征服四級(jí)考試同學(xué)的一些建議。下面我把我四級(jí)考試時(shí)的做題順序給大家說(shuō)一下,以便給大家一些參考。作文30分鐘,寫(xiě)作卷子收上去后,發(fā)下來(lái)的卷子馬上做精讀,按照剛剛我的介紹,把精讀做完后,還剩一些時(shí)間,爭(zhēng)分奪秒,馬上看聽(tīng)力的題目,因?yàn)榫x一結(jié)束是不會(huì)給你時(shí)間看題目的,所以你要靠這擠出來(lái)的幾分鐘迅速地把聽(tīng)力題目瀏覽一遍,因?yàn)闀r(shí)間太緊了;接著聽(tīng)力結(jié)束后馬上翻到最后一頁(yè),把翻譯題目做完,題目不多,只有5個(gè),很容易在5分鐘內(nèi)解決。然后把做好的聽(tīng)力和快速閱讀的答案寫(xiě)在答案紙上,寫(xiě)完后再安新做精讀,然后大家按照自己平時(shí)的積累,一步一步地做,因?yàn)槲矣⒄Z(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)并不是很好,所以我做到離結(jié)束前10分鐘的時(shí)候還差最后一個(gè)大題完型填空沒(méi)做,匆匆忙忙做完,然后冷靜點(diǎn),把答案填好,再次快速檢查一遍考號(hào)和姓名以及答案,考試剛好結(jié)束。分?jǐn)?shù)如下:總分:473分,聽(tīng)力:173,閱讀:185,綜合:44,寫(xiě)作:71。付出就會(huì)有回報(bào)的,70%的實(shí)力+20%的技巧+10%的運(yùn)氣=征服四級(jí)。四、新英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力的應(yīng)對(duì)策略(1)關(guān)于短對(duì)話聽(tīng)力的應(yīng)對(duì)策略:八個(gè)短對(duì)話按照真題分析可以歸納為如下場(chǎng)景:涉及校園場(chǎng)景(宿舍、教室、實(shí)驗(yàn)室、圖書(shū)館等高頻詞匯)、天氣場(chǎng)景(天氣變化、溫度變化、降水、降雪、風(fēng)沙等災(zāi)害性天氣)、短對(duì)話聽(tīng)力測(cè)試突破的第二個(gè)途徑就是分析選項(xiàng),因?yàn)榭陀^題目的選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)一般都有其內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系,有些相互印證,有些截然對(duì)立,還有些毫不相關(guān),但是至少可以幫****生提示關(guān)鍵詞匯和表達(dá),所以搶時(shí)間閱讀選項(xiàng)就非常重要。筆者過(guò)去的輔導(dǎo)經(jīng)歷大致經(jīng)歷了四個(gè)階段:逐步從最初階段的直接聽(tīng)到的是答案(最簡(jiǎn)單)過(guò)渡到直接聽(tīng)到的往往不(未提及選項(xiàng))到現(xiàn)在的各路英雄全都有(必須聽(tīng)完問(wèn)題)。雖然短對(duì)話的選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)更加復(fù)雜,但是筆者認(rèn)為輔導(dǎo)中絕大多數(shù)情況下還是遵循同義詞替換的原則。比較經(jīng)典的例子就是:如果對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)了taxidriver,選項(xiàng)中的正確答案一般不會(huì)包含這個(gè)詞匯,而是用同義的cabdriver替換。(2)兩組長(zhǎng)對(duì)話是個(gè)新生事物,對(duì)學(xué)生短時(shí)記憶和快速提取信息的能力提出了更為嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。長(zhǎng)對(duì)話分值為7%,難度上增加不大,但是話輪的頻繁更替使部分考生不太適應(yīng)。建議學(xué)生訓(xùn)練時(shí)要抓緊時(shí)間審題、讀選項(xiàng)、做筆記,否則考試中很難適應(yīng)。從出題類型分析,長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的問(wèn)題主要集中在:原因追問(wèn)(在英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)原因的句型非常普遍,但是比較實(shí)用而考試又常見(jiàn)的有介詞thanksto\dueto\becauseof\owingto、連詞as\since\because\for、介詞短語(yǔ)onthegroundthat\forfearthat\seeingthat等)、建議句型(howabout\whatabout\whatwillyousay?)、反問(wèn)句式(whynot?Whydont?isntit?)、語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)折(however\although\nevertheless),固定表達(dá)(Itsnotmycupoftea,Ihavelittletodowith,itsbeyondmyknowledge,itsuptoyouetc)。(3)短文聽(tīng)力一般由三個(gè)自然段構(gòu)成,體裁涉及范圍變化不大,而且重復(fù)率較高?;旧弦宰h論文、說(shuō)明文和記敘文三大體裁為聽(tīng)力素材的基本內(nèi)容。聽(tīng)力理解的短文每段一般有三到四個(gè)問(wèn)題,問(wèn)題往往涉及議論文的論點(diǎn)、分論點(diǎn)、典型論據(jù)以及結(jié)論和作者態(tài)度方面等;而說(shuō)明文則就所說(shuō)明的對(duì)象、它的典型特征、主要步驟和關(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)等提問(wèn);記敘文則以考察事情的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果等要素為提問(wèn)的核心內(nèi)容。短文聽(tīng)力理解和短文閱讀理解的不同之處就在于口頭信息轉(zhuǎn)瞬消失,所以考生必須(a)充分利用問(wèn)題后面的選項(xiàng)提示,大膽預(yù)測(cè)短文的內(nèi)容。(b)及時(shí)做好聽(tīng)力筆記,摘要記錄關(guān)鍵信息。(c)抓住問(wèn)題的含義,進(jìn)行正確推導(dǎo)。(d)利用題目之間的選項(xiàng)關(guān)系進(jìn)行適度地類推和印證,從而得出正確答案。短文聽(tīng)力對(duì)考生的語(yǔ)言感知能力、邏輯思維能力、短時(shí)記憶能力都是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。考生只有在多讀、多聽(tīng)的基礎(chǔ)上才能提高短文理解的準(zhǔn)確率。(4)復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的短文長(zhǎng)度一般為250字左右,全文通讀三遍,要求考生在第一遍后能夠了解材料的主要內(nèi)容和關(guān)鍵信息。第二遍要求考生根據(jù)聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容將短文中缺少的詞匯填空,第二遍朗讀速度較慢。第三遍閱讀速度最快,要求考生檢查聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容。聽(tīng)寫(xiě)填空對(duì)于四級(jí)考生來(lái)講,主要難度在于詞匯的掌握和理解,尤其是測(cè)試中常見(jiàn)的高頻詞匯。復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)要讀三遍是其它短文聽(tīng)力所不具備的優(yōu)勢(shì),而且單詞聽(tīng)寫(xiě)總有我們撿漏的辦法,所以這一部應(yīng)當(dāng)是大有可為的英雄用武之地,可惜的是以往的考試中間,許多學(xué)生由于大意或者粗心,而把該得的分都丟了。單詞聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的范圍集中在(1)歷年真題中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的高頻詞匯,比如artificially(人工地),emotionally(情緒化地),occasionally(偶爾地)等。(2)英語(yǔ)單詞發(fā)音和拼寫(xiě)不一致的單詞,比如sergeant(中士)rhyme(韻律)schedule(時(shí)間表)campaign(戰(zhàn)役、運(yùn)動(dòng))gauge(規(guī)尺)等。(3)英語(yǔ)單詞中含有不發(fā)音的字母,比如island(島嶼)exhibition(展覽)government(政府)isle(群島)climb(攀爬)ironing(熨燙)等。復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的句子填空的步驟:完整地聽(tīng)、簡(jiǎn)要地記、仔細(xì)地核。句子填空的關(guān)鍵技巧是句子重構(gòu),原句照搬是很難的。句子重構(gòu)可以通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞提煉和難詞替換來(lái)完成。句子聽(tīng)寫(xiě)是聽(tīng)力最難的部分,考生同時(shí)可以根據(jù)上下文的信息來(lái)推測(cè)大意,然后再結(jié)合聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行意義上的句子重構(gòu)。短對(duì)話部分短對(duì)話聽(tīng)力的一些原則1.推理原則:一般需對(duì)對(duì)話進(jìn)行推理,故直接在對(duì)話中聽(tīng)到的一般不是正確答案。2.挫折原則:通常要辦的事情都是不順利的(如買(mǎi)東西買(mǎi)不到,訂房間客滿等)3.男女原則:一般男生比較衰,女生比較牛。男生提出的觀點(diǎn)女生都是不同意或有不同看法的,反之女生提出的觀點(diǎn)男生都是同意和贊賞的。男生的特征:臟、亂、差、浪費(fèi)、窮、小氣、不良習(xí)慣、遲鈍、不顧家女生的特征:愛(ài)干凈、節(jié)約、富有、好學(xué)、能干、聰明、大度、耐心、戀家、除數(shù)理化外成績(jī)都很好4.父母一般只有一個(gè)作用教育子女好好學(xué)習(xí)5.除了父母教育子女外,家里(包括朋友家,阿姨家等等)發(fā)生的事情一般是不考的,故遇到地點(diǎn)推測(cè)題類似athome/atMaryshome之類的選項(xiàng)一般都是不對(duì)的。6.四級(jí)聽(tīng)力短對(duì)話只考日常生活學(xué)習(xí)中遇得到事情,問(wèn)題,故如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)一些日常生活中不太可能發(fā)生或很少發(fā)生的事情一般不會(huì)是正確選項(xiàng)短對(duì)話十大場(chǎng)景及一般思路1.借車(chē):車(chē)一般是借不到的2.吃:匹薩,海鮮吃了一般會(huì)有不適反應(yīng),派一般比較好吃3.考試:作業(yè)、論文一般比較難,或須要熬夜教授一般比較嚴(yán)厲選修課較難較多4.坐車(chē)(飛機(jī)、輪船):一般都需要等5.事故(災(zāi)難):光明原則,一般不會(huì)死人6.聽(tīng)講座:題目一般是比較有趣豐富的,內(nèi)容一般是比較復(fù)雜難懂的7.論文:一般需要修改(polish)或重寫(xiě)(rewrite)8.休閑:男生一般喜歡待在家里看TV或者看moive,女生一般喜歡高雅藝術(shù)如theater9.醫(yī)院:需要預(yù)約makeanappointment10買(mǎi)票:基本上是買(mǎi)不到的短對(duì)話中常用單詞和句型1.表示期待、希望、渴望做某事的說(shuō)法expect/hope/wishbeeager/anxious/dyingtolookforwardtowait/yean/thirst/longforcannotwaitcountingthedays2.下列詞語(yǔ)與but一樣含有轉(zhuǎn)折的的意思actuallywellreallyinfactasamatteroffacttotellyouthetruth3.表示建議的句型howabout做如何Iheardabout我聽(tīng)說(shuō)IfIwereyou如果我是你Itseemstomethat在我看來(lái)似乎Letsshallwe?讓我們?cè)趺礃?Letuswillyou?讓我們?cè)趺礃?ShallI/weWhatabout做如何Whydontyou你為什么不Whynot+動(dòng)詞原型為什么不Wouldyoulike你要嗎?Wouldntbebetter/wiser做不是更好嗎?表示同意、附和的句型IagreewithyouExactlyIcouldntagreewithyoumore/betterIthinksoIcantwaitanyminuteBelieveitornotIwillif假如我就會(huì)Itsmyturn輪到我了我請(qǐng)客Whynot?YouarerightIguessso我猜也是Noproblem沒(méi)問(wèn)題OfcauseOutofquestion毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)SodoI/metoo我也是Sure/absolutely/beautiful當(dāng)然,很好GoodideaThatsoundsreallynice聽(tīng)起來(lái)真不錯(cuò)5.表示詢問(wèn)的句型Anyquestions/anythingwrong有什么問(wèn)題嗎?Canyougivemesomeideas可以給我一些建議嗎?DoyouknowDoyouwanttoDoyoufindanywrongwith你覺(jué)得有什么不對(duì)勁嗎?Howlongwillittake做什么要花多久Iamthinkingof我正在考慮做Isupposethink我猜想Whatsyourplaneplan你的計(jì)劃是什么?Whathappensif如果怎么辦?Whatshallwedo我們?cè)撛趺醋?6.表示否定的句型Actually/asamatteroffact事實(shí)上Howcanyoudosth你怎么可以Icantaffordanydisturbance不要再煩我IcouldntagreewithyouIdidntmento我本不打算IdontthinksoItdoesntmatter無(wú)所謂Iwish但愿Idliketobut我很愿意但是IdlovetobutIjustcantbearIamafraidnotIamsorrybutisnoteverything不是關(guān)鍵nobother/whybother不要麻煩no,thanksreallyThatshisopinionTotellyouthetruthWell,asfarasIknow表示不得不haveto表示客觀上不得不做某事must主觀上的必須做某事beboundtocannotbuthavenochoicebut表示遲到behindtimebedelayed/overduebehindschedulebelate表示緊張trembleshakeallovergetonestonguetiedhaveonesmindgoblanknervous以下詞組聽(tīng)到后意思取反meanto想要plannedto原計(jì)劃intendedto原打算tendedtousedto過(guò)去常常以下句型要引起重視,重點(diǎn)聽(tīng)取,就算本身不是考點(diǎn)也一定直接引向考點(diǎn)反意疑問(wèn)句(,didntyou?)反問(wèn)句倒裝句助動(dòng)詞do/did/doesitisthat/who/when的句型正確答案的特征1.含義肯定的不是正確選項(xiàng),模糊的是正確選項(xiàng)意思具體的不是正確選項(xiàng),概括的是正確選項(xiàng)意思詳細(xì)的不是正確選項(xiàng),抽象的是正確選項(xiàng)意思膚淺的不是正確選項(xiàng),深刻的是正確選項(xiàng)2.含有一下單詞的一般是正確選項(xiàng)neither/either/also/besides/almost/especially/possibly/probably/likelyperhaps/might/may/maybe/could/can/all/none3.含有以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)的一般可能是正確選項(xiàng)系表結(jié)構(gòu)(系動(dòng)詞+標(biāo)語(yǔ)表語(yǔ))比較結(jié)構(gòu)(than)復(fù)合句4.含有四級(jí)詞匯替換項(xiàng)的一般是正確選項(xiàng)5.表示同意或不同意,喜歡或不喜歡,應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該的的一般為正確選項(xiàng)6.以下三種選項(xiàng)一般其中有一個(gè)可能是正確選項(xiàng)五、反意項(xiàng)形似項(xiàng)近似項(xiàng)1.同意項(xiàng)不可能是正確選項(xiàng),等例排除。等立排除2.絕對(duì)化選項(xiàng),一般不是正確答案,可直接排除關(guān)于時(shí)間推斷題1.直接聽(tīng)到的不選2.極限值即值最大和最小的選項(xiàng)一般不選關(guān)于數(shù)字計(jì)算題1.災(zāi)難題(如飛機(jī)失事、交通事故):一般選總和2.號(hào)碼題double表示兩個(gè),doubletwo=22triple表示三個(gè),tripletwo=222凡是遇到一時(shí)反映不過(guò)來(lái)或聽(tīng)不懂的數(shù)字一般為03.價(jià)格計(jì)算題打折題discountdiscountof10%表示打9折此類題目一般選第二大的數(shù)字(最大的一般是原價(jià),第二大的一般就是打完折的)單價(jià)題one/each此類題目較難也很少考,一般在有倍數(shù)關(guān)系的一對(duì)數(shù)字中選小的那個(gè)六、語(yǔ)段題部分語(yǔ)段題概述1.學(xué)校題材(劍橋大學(xué)等)重點(diǎn):學(xué)校的地理位置,資金來(lái)源,校園環(huán)境,師生情況,課程情況,圖書(shū)館,課外活動(dòng),學(xué)校特色2.機(jī)構(gòu)介紹(監(jiān)獄,圖書(shū)館等)重點(diǎn):地點(diǎn),規(guī)模,制度,專業(yè)3.社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)重點(diǎn):轟動(dòng)效應(yīng),背景(產(chǎn)生的原因),大眾觀點(diǎn),作者態(tài)度4.災(zāi)難題(毒品,車(chē)禍等)重點(diǎn):?jiǎn)栴}類型,起因,危害,解決方法(尤其是科學(xué)家、研究人員提出的事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)、方法、結(jié)論)5.新聞?lì)}重點(diǎn):whenwherewhowhywhich(what)how6.人物題重點(diǎn):生卒年月、出生地、成就(貢獻(xiàn))、坎坷遭遇、結(jié)局7.科普題(太陽(yáng)風(fēng)等)重點(diǎn):物體特征、形成原因、分類、最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)和初步結(jié)論8.故事重點(diǎn):主人公遭遇、變故、主人公做的決定、原因、結(jié)局語(yǔ)段題10大解題原則1.聽(tīng)即原則:所聽(tīng)即所得,聽(tīng)到什么就選什么(正好與短對(duì)話相反,短對(duì)話時(shí)聽(tīng)到的一般不選)2.重讀原則:某單詞被反復(fù)讀到或是在語(yǔ)音上加以重讀,因引起重視如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)很可能是正確答案3.順序原則:出題順序一般與行文順序相同除了主題題和部分說(shuō)明文4.主題原則:主題一般出現(xiàn)在段落的頭尾部分,所以要集中精力聽(tīng)清前三句話和最后兩句話5.原因原則:凡出現(xiàn)表示原因,目的的很有可能是考點(diǎn)如:becausesoas等詞前后要著重聽(tīng)6.轉(zhuǎn)則原則:凡出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)則的詞如:buthoweveryet等,后面的句子往往是考點(diǎn),要引起重視7.光明原則:事情一般都是向著好的方面發(fā)展的,主人公多數(shù)是大難不死的,事情總是逢兇化吉,絕處逢生的8.男女原則:同短對(duì)話9.窮學(xué)生原則:學(xué)生一般都是比較窮的,不能繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)一般都是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)原因,因?yàn)楦F一般還比較喜歡DIY一些東西10.偏怪小原則:一般故事總是稀奇古怪的,經(jīng)過(guò)總是曲折離奇的,結(jié)局總是出人意料的。宗旨就是意料之外、情理之中記敘文解題應(yīng)該重視的原則1.聽(tīng)即原則,尤其重視重讀、重讀現(xiàn)象2.主題原則,段首往往是考點(diǎn)3.特別重視三類標(biāo)志詞:因果轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)間4.光明原則:事情一般都是逢兇化吉的5.偏怪小原則:事情結(jié)局一般總是出人意料的,如果沒(méi)聽(tīng)清楚切忌按常理推斷,要猜也要猜最偏最怪的那個(gè)購(gòu)物消費(fèi)conveniencestore便利店chainstore連鎖店supermarket超市departmentstore百貨大樓mall購(gòu)物中心outlet廉價(jià)商店grocery雜貨店salesman售貨員customer顧客complaint投訴display展示counter柜臺(tái)balance余額,結(jié)余budget預(yù)算luxuriousitems奢侈品bargain便宜貨,討價(jià)還價(jià)catalog商品目錄famousbrands名牌stationary文具cosmetics化妝品sportsgoods體育用品electronicproducts電子類產(chǎn)品digitalvideocamera數(shù)碼攝像機(jī)Womenswear女士服裝Menswear男士服裝discount折扣shoppinglist購(gòu)物單familysize家庭裝receipt收據(jù)onsale出售,減價(jià)售出sellout售完outofstock沒(méi)貨instock有現(xiàn)貨deliver送貨closingtime停業(yè)時(shí)間inseason正合時(shí)令pasttheprime過(guò)了最好的時(shí)候sellnothingbutthebest只賣(mài)最好的居家瑣事trivialaffairs日?,嵤耯ousework家務(wù)活housekeeper管家housemaid女傭housewife家庭主婦laundry洗衣店iron熨斗fixthedinner擺下飯桌clearup清理inamess雜亂hoover吸塵器vacuumcleaner真空吸塵器cleaningandwashing洗洗刷刷keepaneyeon照料householdexpenses家務(wù)開(kāi)支keepdownthecost降低開(kāi)支budget預(yù)算economical經(jīng)濟(jì)的,節(jié)儉的openanaccount開(kāi)戶deposit存款withdraw取(錢(qián))interestrate利率exchangerate匯率property財(cái)產(chǎn)debt債務(wù)payoff還清addresser寄信人addressee收信人parcel包裹postage郵費(fèi)registeredletter掛號(hào)信zip/postalcode郵政編碼日常交往leisuretime閑暇時(shí)間date約會(huì)callonsb.拜訪某人takeamessage捎口信keepcontact保持聯(lián)系hospital好客的telephonebooth公用電話亭payphone投幣式公用電話long-distancecall長(zhǎng)途電話hangup掛上電話holdon別掛電話operator接線員休閑娛樂(lè)hobby愛(ài)好keeppets養(yǎng)寵物tamedogs馴狗gardening園藝playchess下象棋playcards打牌computergames電腦游戲gossip閑話;喜歡談?wù)搫e人私生活的人TVchannels電視頻道broadcast廣播,播放livebroadcast現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播programme電視節(jié)目documentary紀(jì)錄片commercialadvertisement商業(yè)廣告TVtheatre電視劇場(chǎng)tenniscourt網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)footballmatch足球比賽WorldCup世界杯entertainmentindustry娛樂(lè)行業(yè)performance表演violencemovie暴力片comedy喜劇tragedy悲劇horrormovie恐怖片plot情節(jié)entertaining有趣的,愉快的enthusiastic熱情的clap拍掌,鼓掌外出就餐waiter/waitress服務(wù)員order點(diǎn)菜menu菜單snack快餐dessert甜點(diǎn)burger漢堡cheese芝士,奶酪appetizer開(kāi)胃菜redwine紅酒toast烤面包,吐司friedchips炸薯?xiàng)ljunkfood垃圾食品roast烤肉mutton羊肉pork豬肉beefsteak牛排rare半熟的medium中等熟度done老的,煮熟了的joininsb.fordinner與共進(jìn)晚餐treat款待,宴請(qǐng)makeareservation預(yù)定cater提供飲食及服務(wù)haveapicnic野餐buffet自助餐GoDutch各人付各人的賬treat請(qǐng)客,招待change零錢(qián)住房搬家landlord/landlady房東tenant房客apartment/flat公寓residence居住,住所monthlyrent月租sparerooms空余房間available可利用的accommodate供給住宿或房間settle定居downtown市中心suburb郊區(qū)neighborhood鄰近地區(qū)transportation交通subwayentrance地鐵入口putupwiththenoise容忍噪音house-warmingparty喬遷宴會(huì)裝飾維修furnished已裝修的unfurnished未裝修的furniture家具decoration裝飾painting畫(huà)cupboard衣柜shower淋浴sink下水槽pipe管道leak漏水fix維修install安裝maintenance維修工plumber管子工washingmachine洗衣機(jī)refrigerator/fridge電冰箱lightbulb電燈泡heater加熱器furnace暖氣鍋爐,熔爐airconditioner空調(diào)100個(gè)最高頻詞匯四級(jí)最??嫉?00個(gè)短語(yǔ)總結(jié)1.atthethoughtof一想到2.asawhole(=ingeneral)就整體而論3.atwill隨心所欲4.(be)abundantin(berichin;bewellsuppliedwith)富于,富有5.access(to)(不可數(shù)名詞)能接近,進(jìn)入,了解6.byaccident(=bychance,accidentally)偶然地,意外.Withoutaccident(=safely)安全地,7.ofonesownaccord(=withoutbeingasked;willingly;freely)自愿地,主動(dòng)地8.inaccordwith與一致.outofonesaccordwith同。不一致9.withoneaccord(=witheverybodyagreeing)一致地10.inaccordancewith(=inagreementwith)依照,根據(jù)11.ononesownaccount1)為了某人的緣故,為了某人自己的利益2)(=atonesownrisk)自行負(fù)責(zé)3)(=byoneself)依靠自己12.takeintoaccount(=consider)把..。考慮進(jìn)去13.givesb.anaccountof說(shuō)明,解釋(理由)14.accountfor(=giveanexplanationorreasonfor)解釋,說(shuō)明。15.onaccountof(=becauseof)由于,因?yàn)椤?6.onnoaccount(=innocase,fornoreason)絕不要,無(wú)論如何不要(放句首時(shí)句子要倒裝)17.accuseof(=chargewith;blamesb.forsth.;blamesth.onsb.;complainabout)指控,控告18.beaccustomedto(=beinthehabitof,beusedto)習(xí)慣于。19.beacquaintedwith(=tohaveknowledgeof)了解;(=tohavemetsocially)熟悉20.acton奉行,按照行動(dòng);actas扮演;actfor代理21.adaptoneselfto(=adjustoneselfto)使自己適應(yīng)于22.adapt(for)(=makesth.Suitableforanewneed)改編,改寫(xiě)(以適應(yīng)新的需要)23.inaddition(=besides)此外,又,加之24.inadditionto(=aswellas,besides,otherthan)除外25.adhereto(=abideby,conformto,complywith,clingto,insiston,persistin,observe,opinion,belief)粘附;堅(jiān)持,遵循26.adjacent(=nextto,closeto)毗鄰的,臨近的27.adjust..(to)(=changeslightly)調(diào)節(jié);適應(yīng);28.admitof(=becapableof,leaveroomfor)的可能,留有的余地。29.inadvance(beforeintime)預(yù)告,事先30.toadvantage有利的,使優(yōu)點(diǎn)更加突出地31.haveanadvantageover勝過(guò)havetheadvantageof由于處于有利條件havetheadvantageofsb。知道某人所不知道的事32.takeadvantageof(=makethebestof,utilize,makeuseof,profitfrom,harness)利用33.agreewith贊同(某人意見(jiàn))agreeto同意34.inagreement(with)同意,一致35.aheadof在之前,超過(guò);.aheadoftime提前36.intheair1)不肯定,不具體.2)在謠傳中37.aboveall(=especially,mostimportantofall)尤其是,最重要的38.inall(=countingeveryoneoreverything,altogether)總共,總計(jì)39.afterall畢竟,到底;(not)atall一點(diǎn)也不;allatonce(=suddenly)突然;onceandforall只此一次;aboveall最重要的;firstofall首先;allinall大體上說(shuō);beallin累極了;allbut幾乎40.allowfor(=takeintoconsideration,takeintoaccount)考慮到,估計(jì)到41.amountto(=tobeequalto)總計(jì),等于。42.answerfor(undertakeresponsibilityfor,beliablefor,takechargefor)對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)。43.answerto(=conformto)適合,符合。44.beanxiousabout為焦急不安;或anxiousfor45.apologizetosb.forsth.為向道歉46.appealtosb.forsth.為某事向某人呼吁.appealtosb.對(duì)某人有吸引力47.applytosb.forsth.為向申請(qǐng);applyfor申請(qǐng);applyto適用。48.applyto與有關(guān);適用49.approveof(=consentto,beinfavorof,favor,agreeto,considergood,right)贊成,approvevt.批準(zhǔn)50.arisefrom(=becausedby)由引起。51.arrangeforsb./sth.todosth.安排做52.arriveon到達(dá);arriveat到達(dá)某地(小地方);得出,作出;arrivein到達(dá)某地(大地方);53.beashamedof(=feelshame,guiltorsorrowbecauseofsth.done)以為羞恥54.assuresb.ofsth.(=trytocausetobelieveortrustinsth.)向保證,使確信。55.attach(to)(=tofix,fasten;join)縛,系,結(jié)56.makeanattemptatdoingsth.(todosth.)試圖做57.attendto(=giveonesattention,careandthought)注意,照顧;attendon(upon)(=waitupon,serve,lookafter)侍候,照料58.attitudeto/toward對(duì)的態(tài)度??捶?9.attributeto(=tobelievesth.tobetheresultof)把.。歸因于..,認(rèn)為.。是.。的結(jié)果60.ontheaverage(=onaverage,onanaverage)平均61.(be)awareof(=beconsciousof,havingknowledgeorconsciousness)意識(shí)到,知道。62.atthebackof(=behind)在后面63.inthebackof在后部(里面);onthebackof在后部(外面);beononesback(=beillinbed)臥病不起。64.atonesback(=supportingorfavoringsb.)支持,維護(hù);havesb.atonesback有支持,有作后臺(tái)65.turnonesbackonsb.(=turnawayfromsb.inanimpoliteway)不理睬(某人),背棄,拋棄66.behindonesback背著某人(說(shuō)壞話)67.bebasedon/upon基于68.onthebasisof根據(jù),在基礎(chǔ)上69.beatat在運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目上打贏70.beginwith以開(kāi)始.tobeginwith(=firstofall)首先,第一(經(jīng)常用于開(kāi)始語(yǔ))71.onbehalfof(=astherepresentativeof)以名義72.believein(=havefaithortrustin;considersth./sb.tobetrue)相信,依賴,信仰。73.benefit(from)受益,得到好處。74.forthebenefitof為了的利益(好處)75.forthebetter好轉(zhuǎn)76.getthebetterof(=defeatsb.)打敗,勝過(guò)。77.bybirth在出生上,論出身,按血統(tǒng)atbirth在出生時(shí);givebirthto出生78.blamesb.forsth.因責(zé)備某人.blamesth.onsb.把推在某人身上79.inblossom開(kāi)花(指樹(shù)木)beinblossom開(kāi)花(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))comeintoblossom開(kāi)花(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)80.onboard到船上,在船上,上火車(chē)或飛機(jī)81.boastof(orabout)吹噓82.outofbreath喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)83.inbrief(=inasfewwordsaspossible)簡(jiǎn)言之84.inbulk成批地,不散裝的85.takethefloor起立發(fā)言86.onbusiness出差辦事。87.bebusywithsth。于某事。bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事88.lastbutone倒數(shù)第二。89.butfor(=without)要不是.表示假設(shè)90.buysth.formoney用多少錢(qián)買(mǎi)91.becapableof能夠,有能力becapableofbeing+過(guò)去分詞:是能夠被的92.inanycase(=forloveormoney,atanyrate,atanyprice,atanycost,whateverhappens;anyhow)無(wú)論如何93.incase(=forfearthat)萬(wàn)一;94.incaseof(=intheeventof)如果發(fā)生萬(wàn)一inthecaseof至于,就而言95.innocase在任何情況下都不(放句首倒裝句)96.becautiousof謹(jǐn)防97.centeronesattentionon(=focusonesattentionon)把某人的注意力集中在上98.becertainof(=besureof)有把握,一定。99.forcertainof(=forsure)肯定地,有把握地100.bychance(=accidentally,byaccident)偶然(一)段首句1.關(guān)于人們有不同的觀點(diǎn)。一些人認(rèn)為T(mén)herearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto____.Somepeoplesuggestthat____.2.俗話說(shuō)(常言道),它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷,但是,即使在今天,它在許多場(chǎng)合仍然適用。Thereisanoldsaying______.Itstheexperienceofourforefathers,however,itiscorrectinmanycaseseventoday.3.現(xiàn)在,,它們給我們的日常生活帶來(lái)了許多危害。首先,;其次,。更為糟糕的是。Today,____,whichhavebroughtalotofharmsinourdailylife.First,____Second,____.Whatmakesthingsworseisthat______.4.現(xiàn)在,很普遍,許多人喜歡,因?yàn)?,另外(而且)。Nowadays,itiscommonto______.Manypeoplelike______because______.Besides,______.5.任何事物都是有兩面性,也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。Everythinghastwosidesand______isnotanexception,ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.6.關(guān)于人們的觀點(diǎn)各不相同,一些人認(rèn)為(說(shuō)),在他們看來(lái),Peoplesopinionsabout______varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplesaythat______.Tothem,_____.7.人類正面臨著一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題,這個(gè)問(wèn)題變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。Manisnowfacingabigproblem______whichisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.8.已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門(mén)話題,特別是在年青人當(dāng)中,將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。______hasbecomeahottopicamongpeople,especiallyamongtheyoungandheateddebatesarerightontheirway.9.在我們的日常生活中起著越來(lái)越重要的作用,它給我們帶來(lái)了許多好處,但同時(shí)也引發(fā)一些嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。______hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourday-to-daylife.ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.10.根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出。很顯然,但是為什么呢?Accordingtothefigure/number/statistics/percentagesinthe/chart/bargraph/line/graph,itcanbeseenthat______while.Obviously,______,butwhy?(二)中間段落句1.相反,有一些人贊成,他們相信,而且,他們認(rèn)為。Onthecontrary,therearesomepeopleinfavorof___.Atthesametime,theysay____.2.但是,我認(rèn)為這不是解決的好方法,比如。最糟糕的是。ButIdontthinkitisaverygoodwaytosolve____.Forexample,____.Worstofall,___.3.對(duì)我們國(guó)家的發(fā)展和建設(shè)是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,。而且,最重要的是______isnecessaryandimportanttoourcountrysdevelopmentandconstruction.First,______.Whatsmore,_____.Mostimportantofall,______.4.有幾個(gè)可供我們采納的方法。首先,我們可以。Thereareseveralmeasuresforustoadopt.First,wecan______5.面臨,我們應(yīng)該采取一系列行之有效的方法來(lái)。一方面,另一方面,Confrontedwith______,weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasuresto______.Foronething,______Foranother,______6.早就應(yīng)該拿出行動(dòng)了。比如說(shuō),另外。所有這些方法肯定會(huì)。Itishightimethatsomethingwasdoneaboutit.Forexample._____.Inaddition._____.Allthesemeasureswillcertainly______.7.為什么?第一個(gè)原因是;第二個(gè)原因是;第三個(gè)原因是??偟膩?lái)說(shuō),的主要原因是由于Why______?Thefirstreasonisthat______.Thesecondreasonis______.Thethirdis______.Forallthis,themaincauseof______dueto______.8.然而,正如任何事物都有好壞兩個(gè)方面一樣,也有它的不利的一面,象。However,justlikeeverythinghasbothitsgoodandbadsides,______alsohasitsowndisadvantages,suchas______.9.盡管如此,我相信更有利。Nonetheless,Ibelievethat______ismoreadvantageous.10.完全同意這種觀點(diǎn)(陳述),主要理由如下:Ifullyagreewiththestatementthat______because______.(三)結(jié)尾句1.至于我,在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點(diǎn),我認(rèn)為AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewiththelatteropiniontosomeextent.Ithinkthat____.2.總而言之,整個(gè)社會(huì)應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注這個(gè)問(wèn)題。只有這樣,我們才能在將來(lái)。Inaword,thewholesocietyshouldpaycloseattentiontotheproblemof______.Onlyinthiswaycan______inthefuture.3.但是,和都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)(好處)。例如,,而。然而,把這兩者相比較,我更傾向于(喜歡)But______and______havetheirownadvantages.Forexample,_____,while_____.Comparingthiswiththat,however,Ipreferto______.4.就我個(gè)人而言,我相信,因此,我堅(jiān)信美好的未來(lái)正等著我們。因?yàn)镻ersonally,Ibelievethat_____.Consequently,Imconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause______.5.隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,。因此,迫切需要。如果每個(gè)人都愿為社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)自已的一份力量,這個(gè)社會(huì)將要變得越來(lái)越好。Withthedevelopmentofsociety,______.Soitsurgentandnecessaryto____.Ifeverymemberiswillingtocontributehimselftothesociety,itwillbebetterandbetter.6.至于我(對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),就我而言),我認(rèn)為更合理。只有這樣,我們才能Formypart,Ithinkitreasonableto_____.Onlyinthiswaycanyou_____.7.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),我認(rèn)為有必要。原因如下:第一,;第二,;最后但同樣重要的是Inmyopinion,Ithinkitnecessaryto____.Thereasonsareasfollows.First_____.Second______.Lastbutnotleast,______.8.在總體上很難說(shuō)是好還是壞,因?yàn)樗诤艽蟪潭壬先Q于的形勢(shì)。然而,就我個(gè)人而言,我發(fā)現(xiàn)。Itisdifficulttosaywhether_____isgoodornotingeneralasitdependsverymuchonthesituationof______.However,fromapersonalpointofviewfind______.9.綜上所述,我們可以清楚地得出結(jié)論Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthat____.10.如果我們不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了這種趨勢(shì),就會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我們應(yīng)該做的是Ifwecannottakeusefulmeans,wemaynotcontrolthistrend,andsomeundesirableresultmaycomeoutunexpectedly,sowhatweshoulddois_____.英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文模板及必備句型匯總專題綜合運(yùn)用篇例句譯文Alongwiththeadvanceofthesocietymoreandmoreproblemsarebroughttoourattention,oneofwhichisthat....隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展,出現(xiàn)了越來(lái)越多的問(wèn)題,其中之一便是____________。2.Astowhetheritisablessingoracurse,however,peopletakedifferentattitudes.然而,對(duì)于此類問(wèn)題,人們持不同的看法。(Holddifferentattitudes持不同的看;Comeupwithdifferentattitudes有不同的看法)3.Associetydevelops,peopleareattachingmuchimportanceto....隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,人們開(kāi)始關(guān)注............Peopleareattachingmoreandmoreimportancetotheinterviewduringjobhunting求職的過(guò)程中,人們慢慢意識(shí)到面試的重要性??荚嚧螅珖?guó)最大教育類網(wǎng)站(www.Examda。com)Astowhetheritisworthwhile.....,thereisalong-runningcontroversialdebate.Itisquitenaturalthatpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsmayhavedivergentattitudestowardsit.關(guān)于是否值得___________的問(wèn)題,一直以來(lái)爭(zhēng)論不休。當(dāng)然,不同的人對(duì)此可能持不同的觀點(diǎn)。Intheprocessofmodernurbandevelopment,weoftenfindourselvesinadilemma.在都市的發(fā)展中,我們往往會(huì)陷入困境。Recentlythephenomenonhasarousedwideconcern,somepeopleareinalarmthat....最近,這種現(xiàn)象引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注,有人開(kāi)始擔(dān)心______________。Nowweareenteringanewera,fullofopportunitiesandchallenges,現(xiàn)在我們正在進(jìn)入一個(gè)充滿機(jī)會(huì)和挑戰(zhàn)的新時(shí)代。......playssuchanimportantrolethatitundeniablybecomesthebiggestconcernofthepresentworld,therecomesaquestion,isitablessingoracurse?_______顯得非常重要而成為當(dāng)今世界所關(guān)注的最大的問(wèn)題,這是無(wú)可厚非的。不過(guò),問(wèn)題是:我們?cè)撊绾尉駬?Thehumanracehasenteredacompletelynewstageinitshistory,withtheincreasinglyrapideconomicglobalizationandurbanization,moreproblemsarebroughttoourattention.人類進(jìn)入了一個(gè)歷史的嶄新的階段,經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、都市化的速度不斷加快,隨之給我們帶來(lái)了很多問(wèn)題。展現(xiàn)問(wèn)題篇:?jiǎn)栴}的常用詞:question,problem,issue例句譯文Recently,theissueof......hasbeenbroughtintopublicfocus.近來(lái),_______的問(wèn)題引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注??荚嚧螅珖?guó)最大教育類網(wǎng)站(www.Examda。com)Nowweareenteringabrandnewerafullofopportunitiesandinnovations,andgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinpeople"sattitudetowardssometraditionalpractice.現(xiàn)在我們進(jìn)入了一個(gè)充滿機(jī)遇和創(chuàng)新的嶄新時(shí)代,很多人對(duì)某些傳統(tǒng)的看法也發(fā)生了很大改變。Recentlytheissueofwhetherornot...hasbeeninthelimelightandhasarousedwideconcerninthepublic.近來(lái),是否_______的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)非常明確而且引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。Theissuewhetheritisgoodornotto....hasarousedaheateddiscussionalloverthecountry.______的利與弊已在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)引起熱烈的討論。Atpresent,somepeoplethink.....whileothersclaim...Bothsideshavetheirmerits.目前,一些人認(rèn)為_(kāi)______而另一些人則認(rèn)為_(kāi)______。其實(shí),兩種觀點(diǎn)都其可取之處。Peoplerarelyreachanabsoluteconsensusonsuchacontroversialissue.對(duì)于這種極具爭(zhēng)議的話題,我們很難作出絕對(duì)的回答。Peoplefromdifferentbackgroundswouldputdifferentinterpretationsonthesamecase.不同行業(yè)的人對(duì)同一種問(wèn)題的解釋不盡相同。Thecontroversialissueisoftenbroughtintopublicfocus.Peoplefromdifferentbackgroundsholddifferentattitudestowardstheissue.這中極具爭(zhēng)議性的話題往往很受社會(huì)的關(guān)注。不同的人對(duì)此問(wèn)題的看法也不盡相同。Whenasked...,somepeoplethink.....whilesomeprefer...說(shuō)到______,有人認(rèn)為_(kāi)_______,而另一些人則認(rèn)為_(kāi)_________。Justasthesayinggoes:somanypeople,somanyminds.Itisquiteunderstandablethatviewsonthisissuevaryfrompersontoperson.俗話說(shuō),。不同的人對(duì)此有不同的看法是可以理解的。Tothisissue,differentpeoplecomeupwithvariousattitudes.對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題,不同的人持不同的觀點(diǎn)。Thereisagoodsideandabadsidetoeverything,itgoeswithoutsayingthat...萬(wàn)事萬(wàn)物都有其兩面性,所以,勿庸置疑,____________。Whenitcomesto...,mostpeoplebelievethat...,butotherpeopleregard...as....提到_________問(wèn)題,很多人認(rèn)為_(kāi)________,不過(guò),一些人則認(rèn)為_(kāi)_____是Whenfacedwith....,quiteafewpeopleclaimthat....,butotherpeoplethinkas...____.提到_________問(wèn)題,僅少數(shù)人認(rèn)為_(kāi)_______,但另一些人則認(rèn)為_(kāi)________。Thereisapubliccontroversynowadaysovertheissueof....Therewhocriticize...arguethat....,theybelievethat...,butpeoplewhofavor..,ontheotherhand,arguethat...目前,_______問(wèn)題爭(zhēng)議較大。批判_______的人認(rèn)為_(kāi)______,他們認(rèn)為_(kāi)______,不過(guò),另一方面,贊同_______的人則認(rèn)為_(kāi)________。Somepeopleareoftheopinionthat..有些人認(rèn)為_(kāi)____________。Manypeopleclaimthat...很多人認(rèn)為_(kāi)____________。Amajorityof\Alargenumberof\Somepeoplecontendthat...hasprovedtobringmanyadvantages(disadvantages)絕大多數(shù)\很多人\有些人認(rèn)為_(kāi)_______有很多有利之處(不利之處)。Thosewhoarguefor...saythat...economicdevelopmentofthecities.覺(jué)得_____的人認(rèn)為,______城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。Somepeopleadvocatethat....有些人在堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為_(kāi)________。Theyholdthat...他們認(rèn)為_(kāi)________。People,whoadvocatethat...,havetheirsoundreasons(grounds)堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為_(kāi)_____的人也有其說(shuō)法(依據(jù))。Thosewhohavealreadybenefitedfrompracticingitsinghighpraiseofit.那些從中受益的人對(duì)此大家褒獎(jiǎng)。Thosewhostronglyapproveof...havecogentreasonsforit.強(qiáng)烈認(rèn)同_______的人有很多原因。Manypeoplewouldclaimthat...有人會(huì)認(rèn)為_(kāi)__________。Peoplewhosupport...givesomeorallofthefollowingreasons.那些支持_________觀點(diǎn)的人列出了如下原因:___。Butothersholdtheviewthat...但是,另外一些人則認(rèn)為_(kāi)______。觀點(diǎn)的用詞:Attitude,opinion,與其搭配的動(dòng)詞以及詞組:Take,have,comeupwith,setforth,putforward等。問(wèn)題用詞:Issue,phenomenon,后接介詞,on,over等。表達(dá)不確定的用詞:May,seem,belikelyto,possible,probably,perhaps,besaidthat,besaidto...Butontheotherhand,therearealsoquiteafewpeoplewhostronglyadvocatethat..,.不過(guò),另一方面,也有少部分人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為_(kāi)______________。Butpeoplewhoare...,ontheotherhand,maintainthat...不過(guò),另一方面,________的人認(rèn)為_(kāi)_________。However,therearealargenumberofpeoplewhoholdadifferentviewconcerningthiscase.然而,很多人對(duì)此有不同的看法。However,someothersarguethat...然而,另一些人則認(rèn)為_(kāi)________。However,therearealsosomeotherswhocontendthat...然而,也有人認(rèn)為_(kāi)_________。Butotherpeoplesetforthcompletelytotallydifferentargumentconcerningthiscase.不過(guò),對(duì)于此,另一些人則持完全不同的觀點(diǎn)。Somepeopleexaminethisissuefromanotherangle.有的人用另一角度來(lái)看這一問(wèn)題。Ontheotherhand,therearealsomanyopponentswhostrongly...另一方面,也有很多反對(duì)的人,他們認(rèn)為_(kāi)____________。Accordingtomypersonalityandfondness,Iwouldprefer...ratherthan...根據(jù)我的個(gè)性以及興趣,我選擇_______而不會(huì)選擇__________。Personally,Isidewiththelatter(former)opinion...就我個(gè)人而言,我支持后者(前者)___________。Personally,Iaminfavoroftheformerpointofview.就我個(gè)人而言,我較同意前一種看法。Tomypointofview我認(rèn)為T(mén)omymind,theadvantagesfaroverweighthedrawbacks(disadvantages,shortcomings)我認(rèn)為,優(yōu)點(diǎn)勝過(guò)缺點(diǎn)。Formypart,Istandonsideofthelatteropinionthat..就我而言,我較贊同后一種觀點(diǎn)________________。AsfarasIamconcerned,Iaminclinedtobeonthesideofthelatterview.在我看來(lái),我較同意后一種觀點(diǎn)。Afterathoroughconsideration,formypart,Iaminfavorofthelatterviewthat...經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮,我較支持后一種看法,亦即________________________。Ifaskedtomakeadecision,Iwouldprefer...如果真的需要作出選擇,我寧愿__________。Takingintoconsiderationbothsidesoftheissue,Itendtofavorthelatterview..比較兩種觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較,我較同意后一種觀點(diǎn),亦即_________________。Whenconsideringopinionsofbothsides,Iaminclinedto...對(duì)兩種觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行綜合考慮之后,我較認(rèn)同_________________Ifitisuptometomakeachoicebetween...and...Iwouldratherchoose...over...如果要我在____和____之間進(jìn)行選擇,我寧愿選擇_____而不會(huì)選擇______。Iwouldhavetosaythat,ifIwerefacedwiththedecision,Iwouldfollow....我需要說(shuō)的是,如果要我抉擇,我會(huì)____________。Attheriskofsoundingtoodirect,Ipreferto...雖然可能過(guò)于直接,不過(guò),我還是選擇_。inmymind,thefollowingfactors/reasons/causesneedtobetakenintoconsideration.我認(rèn)為,我們需要考慮下列因素/原因:Thereareseveralreasonsforthisphenomenon/why...-(asfollows).造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因如下:AndIwouldliketopresenttwoexplanationsforthis:對(duì)于此,我有如下兩點(diǎn)愚見(jiàn):Thereasonsarechieflyasfollows.主要原因如下:Therearenumerousreasonswhy____,andIwouldliketoexploreafewofthemostimportantoneshere.為什么___________,原因很多,在此列舉幾個(gè)較為重要的原因。Thereasonsarepresentedbelow.原因如下。Therearethreepremier(主要的)/best/mostimportant,largest,significant,obvious,crucialcausesasfollows.以下這些是造成這一問(wèn)題的最主要/最好/最重要/最大/最有意義/明顯/至關(guān)重要的原因。Thisisbasedonthepropensity(傾向,原因)offollowingpoints.這基于以下的原因。Themainreasonisthat..主要原因是_____________。Oneveryimportantargumentfor.....isthat...._______的非常重要的原因便是_____。Thereasonsarequiteclear.Aboveall,....原因非常清楚。首先(首要的是)__________。Thefirstreasoncanbeseenbyeveryperson.第一個(gè)原因其實(shí)很明顯。Thefirstandmostimportantreasonisthat.....第一個(gè)而且最重要的原因是____。Oneofthereasonsthataregivenfor....isthat....______________的原因之一是____Perhapsthisisbecauseofthesimplefactthat.....也許,原因很簡(jiǎn)單,亦即___________Oneofthepremiercausesisthat最重要的原因之一便是_____________Attheriskofsoundingtoosimplistic,itseemstomethatthemainpropositionscanbesummarizedinonesaying.這個(gè)原因可能較簡(jiǎn)單,不過(guò),我認(rèn)為可以用一句諺語(yǔ)來(lái)概括,________。Wemaylookintoeverypossiblereason,however,foremostreasonfor....Is....其實(shí)有很多原因,不過(guò),造成________的最重要的原因是______________。Itmightalsobenotedthat..需要注意的是,____________。來(lái)源:考試大-英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試圖表式作文模板寫(xiě)作模板圖表式作文Itisobviousinthegraphic/tablethattherate/number/amountofYhasundergonedramaticchanges.Ithasgoneup/grown/fallen/droppedconsiderablyinrecentyears(asXvaries).AtthepointofX1,Yreachesitspeakvalueof(多少).Whatisthereasonforthischange?Mainlythereare(多少)reasonsbehindthesituationreflectedinthegraphic/table.Firstofall,(第一個(gè)原因).Moreimportantly,(第二個(gè)原因).Mostimportantofall,(第三個(gè)原因).Fromtheabovediscussions,wehaveenoughreasontopredictwhatwillhappeninthenearfuture.Thetrenddescribedinthegraphic/tablewillcontinueforquitealongtime(ifnecessarymeasuresarenottaken括號(hào)里的使用于那些不太好的變化趨勢(shì)).提綱式作文模板類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句1.對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式A.有人認(rèn)為X是好事,贊成X,為什么?B.有人認(rèn)為X是壞事,反對(duì)X,為什么?來(lái)源:www.examda.comC.我的看法。SomepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofdoingX.Theypointoutthefactthat支持X的第一個(gè)原因。Theyalsoarguethat支持X的另一個(gè)原因。However,otherpeoplestandonadifferentground.TheyconsideritharmfultodoX.Theyfirmlypointoutthat反對(duì)X的第一個(gè)理由。Anexamplecangivethedetailsofthisargument:Thereissometruthinbotharguments.ButIthinktheadvantagesofXoverweighthedisadvantages.Inadditiontotheabove-mentionednegativeeffectsitmightbringabout,XalsomayX的有一個(gè)壞處。2.批駁觀點(diǎn)式A.一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。B.我不同意。Manypeoplearguethat錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。Bysayingthat,theymean對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。Anexampletheyhavepresentedisthat一個(gè)例子。(AccordingtoasurveyperformedbyXonagroupofY,almost80%ofthem贊成這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)或者受到這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)的影響)。Theremightbesomeelementoftruthinthesepeoplesbelief.Butifweconsideritindepth,wewillfeelnoreservationtoconcludethat與錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)相反的觀點(diǎn)。Thereareanumberofreasonsbehindmybelief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫(xiě)法)。3.社會(huì)問(wèn)題(現(xiàn)象)式A.一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題或者現(xiàn)象B.產(chǎn)生的原因來(lái)源:www.examda.comC.對(duì)社會(huì)和我們生活的影響D.如何杜絕。(如果是問(wèn)題的話)E.前景的預(yù)測(cè)。Nowadays,thereexistsanincreasinglyserioussocial/economic/environmentalproblem.(Xhasincreasinglybecomeacommonconcernofthepublic).Accordingtoasurvey,調(diào)查內(nèi)容說(shuō)明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。(或者是一個(gè)例子)。Thereareacoupleofreasonsboomingthisproblem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文寫(xiě)法。Xhascausedsubstantialimpactonthesocietyandourdailylife,whichhasbeenarticulatedinthefollowingaspects.參照辯論式議論文的寫(xiě)法。AdozenofmeasuresaresupposedtotaketopreventXfrombringingusmoreharm.同上Basedontheabovediscussions,Icaneasilyforecastthatmoreandmorepeoplewill..辯論式議論文模版類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句辯論式議論文模版1Somepeoplebelieve(argue,recognize,think)that觀點(diǎn)1.Butotherpeopletakeanoppositeside.Theyfirmlybelievethat觀點(diǎn)2.Asforme,Iagreetotheformer/latteridea.Thereareadozenofreasonsbehindmybelief.Firstofall,論據(jù)1.Moreimportantly,論據(jù)2.Mostimportantofall,論據(jù)3.Insummary,總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto表決心.或:Fromabove,wecanpredictthat預(yù)測(cè).模版2PeopleholddifferentviewsaboutX.Somepeopleareoftheopinionthat觀點(diǎn)1,whileotherspointoutthat觀點(diǎn)2.AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latteropinionholdsmoreweight.Foronething,論據(jù)1.Foranother,論據(jù)2.采集者退散Lastbutnottheleast,論據(jù)3.Toconclude,總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto表決心.或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat預(yù)測(cè).模版3ThereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleaboutX(爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn))。Somepeopleareoftheviewthat觀點(diǎn)1,whileotherstakeanoppositeside,firmlybelievingthat觀點(diǎn)2。AsfarasIamconcerned,theformer/latternotionispreferableinmanysenses.Thereasonsareobvious.Firstofall,論據(jù)1。Furthermore,論據(jù)2。Amongallofthesupportingevidences,oneisthestrongest.Thatis,論據(jù)3。Anaturalconclusionfromtheabovediscussionisthat總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。Asacollegestudent,Iamsupposedto表決心.或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat預(yù)測(cè).名人名言1.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竟成。2.Thereisnofirewithoutsmoke.無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪。事出有因。3.Nopain,nogain.不勞動(dòng),不得食。4.Neverputalleggsintoonebasket.不要將所有雞蛋放在一個(gè)籃子里。5.EveryroadleadstoRome.條條大路通羅馬。6.Catchthehare,thencookit.趁熱打鐵。7.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.行動(dòng)勝于雄辯。8.Eachdoghasitsday.每人都有出頭那一天。9.Everybeanhasitsblack.每個(gè)人都有缺點(diǎn)。10.Apennysavedisapennyearned.積少成多。11.Neverdothingsbyhalves.不要半途而廢。12.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患難才能真朋友。13.Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.一個(gè)人可以被消滅但不能被打跨。14.Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday.今日事,今日畢。15.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.有智者,事能成。16.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。17.Preparefortheworstandhopeforthebest.最壞的準(zhǔn)備,最好的希望。29.Ayoungidler,anoldbeggar.少小不努力,老大徒傷悲。30.Behindthemountains,therearepeopletobefound.山外有山,天外有天。31.Badluckoftenbringsagoodone.塞翁失馬,安知非福。32.Don"ttrytoteachfishtoswim.不要班門(mén)弄斧。33.Eastorwest,homeisthebest.金窩銀窩,不如自己的草窩。34.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老,學(xué)到老。35.Oneswallowcannotmakeasummer.一支獨(dú)秀不是春。36.Romewasnotbuiltupinaday.羅馬非一日建成。37.Wallshaveears.隔墻有耳。38.Youcannotburnthecandleatbothends.魚(yú)和熊掌不可兼得。39.Allforone,oneforall.人人為我,我為人人。[法]Dumaspre大仲馬Othermenlivetoeat,whileIeattolive.別人為食而生存,我為生存而食。Socrates蘇格拉底Easycome,easygo.易得者亦易失。Hazlitt赫斯特Wesoonbelievewhatwedesire.我們欲望中的東西,我們很快就信以為真。Chaucer喬叟Thedarkesthouristhatbeforethedawn.黎明前的時(shí)分是最黑暗的。Fuller富勒Thelongestdayhasanend.最難過(guò)的日子也有盡頭。Howell賀韋爾Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass.生活而無(wú)目標(biāo),猶如航海之無(wú)指南針。J.Ruskin魯斯金Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.手中的一只鳥(niǎo)勝于林中的兩只鳥(niǎo)。Heywood希伍德Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一燕不成夏。Taverner泰維納Amanmayleadahorsetothewater,buthecannotmakeitdrink.一個(gè)人可以把馬帶到河邊,但他不能令它飲水。Heywood希伍德Onecannoteatonescakeandhaveit.一個(gè)人不能把他的糕餅吃掉之后還留在手上。Davies戴維斯Timeismoney.時(shí)間就是金錢(qián)。BenjaminFranklin富蘭克林Timeandtidewaitfornoman.時(shí)間不等人。Scott斯科特Thereisnorosewithoutathorn.沒(méi)有玫瑰花是不長(zhǎng)刺的。Ray雷Lookers-onseemostofthegame.旁觀者清。Smedley斯密萊Beggarscannotbechoosers.行乞者不得有選擇。Heywood希伍德Firstcatchyourhare.首先必須捕獲兔子,然后才能宰之。Thackeray薩克雷VictorywontcometomeunlessIgotoit.勝利是不會(huì)向我走來(lái)的,我必須自己走向勝利
解放軍文職招聘考試2012年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題試卷(第1套)-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育
解放軍文職招聘考試2012年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題試卷(第1套)發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-06-1817:29:542012年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題試卷(第1套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledManandComputerbycommentingonthesaying,Therealdangerisnotthatthecomputerwillbegintothinklikeman,butthatmanwillbegintothinklikethecomputer.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.ManandComputer________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________注意:此部分試題在答題卡1上PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.ThirstgrowsforlivingunpluggedMorepeoplearetakingbreaksfromtheconnectedlifeamidthestillnessandquietofretreatsliketheJesuitCenterinWernersville,Pennsylvania.Aboutayearago,IflewtoSingaporetojointhewriterMalcolmGladwell,thefashiondesignerMarcEckoandthegraphicdesignerStefanSagmeisterinaddressingagroupofadvertisingpeopleonMarketingtotheChildofTomorrow.SoonafterIarrived,thechiefexecutiveoftheagencythathadinvitedustookmeaside.Whathewasmostinterestedin.hebegan,wasstillnessandquiet.Afewmonthslater,Ireadaninterviewwiththewell-knowncutting-edgedesignerPhilippeStarck.Whatallowedhimtoremainsoconsistentlyaheadofthecurve?IneverreadanymagazinesorwatchTV,hesaid,perhapswithalittleexaggeration.NordoIgotococktailparties,dinnersoranythinglikethat.Helivedoutsideconventionalideas,heimplied,becauseIlivealonemostly,inthemiddleofnowhere.Aroundthesametime,Inoticedthatthosewhopartwith$2285anighttostayinacliff-toproomatthePostRanchInninBigSur,California,paypartlyfortheprivilegeofnothavingaTVintheirrooms;thefutureoftravel,I"mreliablytold,liesinblack-holeresorts,whichchargehighpricespreciselybecauseyoucan"tgetonlineintheirrooms.Hasitreallycometothis?Themorewayswehavetoconnect,themoremanyofusseemdesperatetounplug.InternetrescuecampsinSouthKoreaandChinatrytosavekidsaddictedtothescreen.WriterfriendsofminepaygoodmoneytogettheFreedomsoftwarethatenablesthemtodisabletheveryInternetconnectionsthatseemedsoemancipatingnotlongago.EvenIntelexperimentedin2007withconferringfouruninterruptedhoursofquiettime(nophoneore-mail)everyTuesdaymorningon300engineersandmanagers.Workerswerenotallowedtousethephoneorsende-mail,butsimplyhadthechancetocleartheirheadsandtohearthemselvesthink.TheaverageAmericanspendsatleasteightandahalfhoursadayinfrontofascreen.NicholasCarrnotesinhisbookTheShallows.TheaverageAmericanteenagersendsorreceives75textmessagesaday,thoughonegirlmanagedtohandleanaverageof10000every24hoursforamonth.Sinceluxuryisafunctionofscarcity,thechildrenoftomorrowwilllongfornothingmorethanintervalsoffreedomfromalltheblinkingmachines,streamingvideosandscrollingheadlinesthatleavethemfeelingemptyandtoofullallatonce.Theurgencyofslowingdown-tofindthetimeandspacetothink-isnothingnew,ofcourse,andwisersoulshavealwaysremindedusthatthemoreattentionwepaytothemoment,thelesstimeandenergywehavetoplaceitinsomelargercontext.Distractionistheonlythingthatconsolesusforourmiseries.theFrenchphilosopherBlaisePascalwroteinthe17thcentury,andyetitisitselfthegreatestofourmiseries.Healsofamouslyremarkedthatallofman"sproblemscomefromhisinabilitytositquietlyinaroomalone.Whentelegraphsandtrainsbroughtintheideathatconveniencewasmoreimportantthancontent,HenryDavidThoreauremindedusthat".themanwhosehorsetrots(奔跑)amileinaminutedoesnotcarrythemostimportantmessages.MarshallMcLuhan,whocamecloserthanmosttoseeingwhatwascoming,warned.Whenthingscomeatyouveryfast,naturallyyoulosetouchwithyourselfWehavemoreandmorewaystocommunicate,butlessandlesstosay.Partlybecausewearesobusycommunicating.Andwearerushingtomeetsomanydeadlinesthatwehardlyregisterthatwhatweneedmostarelifelines.Sowhattodo?MoreandmorepeopleIknowseemtobeturningtoyoga,ormeditation(沉思),ortaichi(太極);thesearen"tNewAgefads(時(shí)尚的事物)somuchaswaystoconnectwithwhatcouldbecalledthewisdomofoldage.TwofriendsofmineobserveanInternetsabbath(安息日)everyweek,turningofftheironlineconnectionsfromFridaynighttoMondaymorning.Otherfriendstakewalksandforgettheircellphonesathome.Aseriesoftestsinrecentyearshasshown.Mr.Carrpointsout,thatafterspendingtimeinquietruralsettings,subjectsexhibitgreaterattentiveness,strongermemoryandgenerallyimprovedcognition.Theirbrainsbecomebothcalmerandsharper.Morethanthat,empathy(同感,共鳴),aswellasdeepthought.depends(asneuroscientistslikeAntonioDamasiohavefound)onneuralprocessesthatareinherentlyslow.IturntoeccentricmeasurestotrytokeepmymindsoberandensurethatIhavetimetodonothingatall(whichistheonlytimewhenIcanseewhatIshouldbedoingtherestofthetime).IhaveyettouseacellphoneandIhaveneverTweetedorenteredFacebook.Itrynottogoonlinetillmyday"swritingisfinished,andImovedfromManhattantoruralJapaninpartsoIcouldmoreeasilysurviveforlongstretchesentirelyonfoot.Noneofthisisamatterofasceticism(苦行主義);itisjustpureselfishness.Nothingmakesmefeelbetterthanbeinginoneplace,absorbedinabook,aconversation,ormusic.Itisactuallysomethingdeeperthanmerehappiness:itisjoy,whichthemonk(僧侶)DavidSteindl-Rastdescribesasthatkindofhappinessthatdoesn"tdependonwhathappens.Itisvital,ofcourse,tostayintouchwiththeworld.Butitisonlybyhavingsomedistancefromtheworldthatyoucanseeitwhole,andunderstandwhatyoushouldbedoingwithit.Formorethan20years,therefore,Ihavebeengoingseveraltimesayear-oftenfornolongerthanthreedays-toaBenedictinehermitage(修道院),40minutesdowntheroad,asithappens,fromthePostRanchInn.Idon"tattendserviceswhenIamthere,andIhavenevermeditated,thereoranywhere;Ijusttakewalksandreadandlosemyselfinthestillness,recallingthatitisonlybysteppingbrieflyawayfrommywifeandbossesandfriendsthatIwillhaveanythingusefultobringtothem.ThelasttimeIwasinthehermitage,threemonthsago.Ihappenedtomeetwithayoungish-lookingmanwitha3-year-oldboyaroundhisshoulders.You"rePico,aren"tyou?themansaid,andintroducedhimselfasLarry;wehadmet,Igathered,19yearsbefore,whenhehadbeenlivinginthehermitageasanassistanttooneofthemonks.Whatareyoudoingnow?Iasked.Wesmiled.Nowordswerenecessary.ItrytobringmykidshereasoftenasIcan,hewenton.Thechildoftomorrow,Irealized,mayactuallybeaheadofus,intermsofsensingnotwhatisnew,butwhatisessential.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。1.WhatisspecialaboutthePostRanchInn?A)Itsroomsarewellfurnishedbutdimlylit.B)Itmakesguestsfeellikefallingintoablackhole.C)Thereisnoaccesstotelevisioninitsrooms.D)Itprovidesalltheluxuriesitsguestscanthinkof.2.Whatdoestheauthorsaythechildrenoftomorrowwillneedmost?A)Convenienceandcomfortineverydaylife.B)Timeawayfromallelectronicgadgets.C)Moreactivitiestofillintheirleisuretime.D)Greaterchancesforindividualdevelopment.3.WhatdoestheFrenchphilosopherBlaisePascalsayaboutdistraction?A)Itleadsustolotsofmistakes.C)Ithelpsreleaseourexcessenergy.B)Itrendersusunabletoconcentrate.D)Itisourgreatestmiseryinlife.4.AccordingtoMarshallMcLuhan,whatwillhappenifthingscomeatusveryfast?A)Wewillnotknowwhattodowithourownlives.B)Wewillbebusyreceivingandsendingmessages.C)Wewillfinditdifficulttomeetourdeadlines.D)Wewillnotnoticewhatisgoingonaroundus.5.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutyoga,meditationandtaichi?A)Theyhelppeopleunderstandancientwisdom.B)Theycontributetophysicalandmentalhealth.C)Theyarewaystocommunicatewithnature.D)Theykeeppeoplefromvariousdistractions.6.WhatisneuroscientistAntonioDamasio"sfinding?A)Quietruralsettingscontributealottolonglife.B)One"sbrainbecomessharpwhenitisactivated.C)Eccentricmeasuresareneededtokeepone"smindsober.D)Whenpeoplethinkdeeply,theirneuralprocessesareslow.7.TheauthormovedfromManhattantoruralJapanpartlybecausehecould_.A)stayawayfromthenoiseofthebigcityB)livewithoutmoderntransportationC)enjoythebeautifulviewofthecountrysideD)practiceasceticisminalocalhermitage8.Inordertoseetheworldwhole,theauthorthinksitnecessaryto__________.9.Theauthortakeswalksandreadsandloseshimselfinthestillnessofthehermitagesothathecanbringhiswifeandbossesandfriends___________.10.Theyoungish-lookingmantakeshislittleboytothehermitagefrequentlysothatwhenhegrowsuphewillknow____________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwaswaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。11.A)Shecancountonthemanforhelp.B)Shehasotherplansforthisweekend.C)Shecanlendthemanasleepingbag.D)Shehasgotcampinggearforrent.12.A)Themanshouldkeephiswords.B)Sheregretsaskingthemanforhelp.C)Karenalwayssupportsheratwork.D)Karencantakehertotheairport13.A)Hecan"taffordtogotravelingyet.B)HistriptoHawaiiwasnotenjoyable.C)HeusuallycheckshisbrakesbeforeatripD)HistriptoHawaiihasusedupallhismoney.14.A)Therewasnothingleftexceptsomepie.B)Themanhastofindsomethingelsetoeat.C)Thewomanisgoingtopreparethedinner.D)Juliehasbeeninvitedfordinner.15.A)Submitnomorethanthreeletters.B)Presentanewletterofreference.C)Applytothreegraduateschools.D)SendProfessorSmithaletter.16.A)Hedeclinestojointhegardeningclub.B)Heisaprofessionalgardenerintown.C)Hepreferstokeephisgardeningskillstohimself.D)Hewishestoreceiveformaltrainingingardening.17.A)Sculptureisnotatypicalformofmodernart.B)Modernartcannotexpresspeople"struefeelings.C)Therecentsculptureexhibitwasnotwellorganized.D)Manypeopledonotappreciatemodernart.18.A)Bobdoesnothavemuchchancetowin.B)Shewillvoteforanothercandidate.C)Bobcannotcountonhervote.D)SheknowstherightpersonforthepositionQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Poormanagementofthehospital.B)Thehealthhazardatherworkplace.C)Decisionsmadebytheheadtechnician.D)Theoutdatedmedicaltestingprocedures.20.A)Transferhertoanotherdepartment.B)RepairtheX-rayequipment.C)Cutdownherworkload.D)Allowhertogoonleavefortwomonths.21.A)Theyarevirtuallyimpossibletoenforce.B)Neitherisapplicabletothewoman"scase.C)Bothofthemhavebeensubjecttocriticism.D)Theirrequirementsmaybedifficulttomeet.22.A)Organizeamassstrike.B)Compensateforherloss.C)Trytohelphergetitback.D)Findherabetterpayingjob.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Ingivingconcessions.C)Instatingyourterms.B)Intheconcludingpart.D)Inthepreparatoryphase.24.A)Hebehavesinawaycontrarytohisrealintention.B)Hepresentshisargumentsinastraightforwardway.C)Herespondsreadilytotheotherparty"sproposals.D)Heuseslotsofgesturestohelpmakehispointsclear.25.A)Bothmayfailwhenconfrontingexperiencedrivals.B)Thehonesttypeismoreeffectivethantheactortype.C)Bothcansucceeddependingonthespecificsituation.D)Theactortypeworksbetterintoughnegotiations.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestion.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonece.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.26.A)Theshapeofthecubesused.B)Thesizeoftheobjectsshown.C)Thenumberoftimesofrepeatingtheprocess.D)Theweightoftheboxesmovingacrossthestage.27.A)Boysenjoyplayingwithcubesmorethangirls.B)Girlstendtogetexcitedmoreeasilythanboys.C)Girlsseemtostartreasoningearlierthanboys.D)Boyspaymoreattentiontomovingobjectsthangirls.28.A)Itisabreakthroughinthestudyofthenervesystem.B)Itmaystimulatescientiststomakefurtherstudies.C)Itsresulthelpsunderstandbabies"languageability.D)Itsfindingsarequitecontrarytopreviousresearch.29.A)Thetwosidesoftheirbraindevelopsimultaneously.B)Theyarebetterabletoadapttothesurroundings.C)Theirbonesmatureearlier.D)Theytalkatanearlierage.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Thenewsecurityplanforthemunicipalbuilding.B)Theblueprintforthedevelopmentofthecity.C)Thecontroversyoverthenewofficeregulations.D)Thecity"sgeneralbudgetforthecomingyear.31.A)Whetherthesecuritycheckswerereallynecessary.B)HowtocopewiththehugecrowdsofvisitorstothemunicipalbuildingC)Whetherthesecuritycheckswouldcreatelongqueuesatpeakhours.D)Howtotrainthenewlyrecruitedsecurityguards.32.A)Irrelevant.B)Straightforward.C)Ridiculous.D)Confrontational.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)HeusedtoworkasaminerinNevada.B)Heworkshardtosupporthisfivekids.C)Heconsidershimselfablessedman.D)Heoncetaughtatalocalhighschool34.A)TobenearertoZac"sschool.B)Tolookafterhergrandchildren.C)Tocuttheirlivingexpenses.D)Tohelpwiththehouseholdchores.35.A)Skeptical.B)Optimistic.C)Indifferent.D)Realistic.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarfullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiedtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。Mountainclimbingisbecomingpopularsport,butitisalsoa(36)_______dangerousone.Peoplecanfall;theymayalsobecomeill.Oneofthemostcommondangerstoclimbersisaltitudesickness,whichcanaffectevenvery(37)_______climbers.Altitudesicknessusuallybeginswhenaclimbergoesabove8000or9000feet.Thehigheroneclimbs,thelessoxygenthereisintheair.Whenpeopledon"tgetenoughoxygen,theyoftenbeginto(38)_______forair.Theymayalsofeel(39)_______andlight-headed.Besidesthesesymptomsofaltitudesickness,otherssuchasheadacheand(40)_______mayalsooccur.Atheightsofover18000feet,peoplemaybeclimbingina(41)_______daze(恍惚).Thisstateofmindcanhavean(42)_______effectontheirjudgment.Afew(43)_______canhelpmostclimbersavoidaltitudesickness.Thefirstisnottogotoohightoofast.Ifyouclimbto10000feet,stayatthatheightforadayortwo.(44)______________________________.Orifyoudoclimbhighersooner,comebackdowntoalowerheightwhenyousleep.Also,drinkplentyofliquidsandavoidtobaccoandalcohol.(45)_____________________________.Youbreathelesswhenyousleep,soyougetlessoxygen.Themostimportantwarningisthis:ifyouhaveseveresymptomsandtheydon"tgoaway,godown!(46)________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Akeyprocessininterpersonalinteractionisthatofsocialcomparison,inthatweevaluateourselvesintermsofhowwecomparetoothers.Inparticular,weengageintwotypesofcomparison.First,wedecidewhetherwearesuperiororinferiortoothersoncertaindimensions,suchasattractiveness,intelligence,popularity,etc.Here,theimportantaspectistocomparewithanappropriatereferencegroup.Forexample,modestjoggersshouldnotcomparetheirperformancewithOlympicstandardmarathon(馬拉松)runners.Second,wejudgetheextenttowhichwearethesameasordifferentfromothers.Atcertainstagesoflife,especiallyadolescence,thepressuretobeseenassimilartopeersisimmense.Thus,wearingtherightbrandofclothesorshoesmaybeoftheutmostimportance.Wealsoneedtoknowwhetherourthoughts,beliefsandideasareinlinewiththoseofotherpeople.Thisispartoftheprocessofself-validationwherebyweemployself-disclosurestoseeksupportforourself-concept.Peoplewhodonothaveaccesstoagoodlistenermaynotonlybedeniedtheopportunitytoheightentheirself-awareness,buttheyarealsodeniedvaluablefeedbackastothevalidityandacceptabilityoftheirinnerthoughtsandfeelings.Bydiscussingthesewithothers,wereceivefeedbackastowhethertheseareexperienceswhichothershaveaswell,orwhethertheyarelesscommon.Furthermore,bygaugingthereactionstoourself-disclosureswelearnwhattypesareacceptableorunacceptablewithparticularpeopleandinspecificsituations.Onoccasionsitisthefearthatcertaindisclosuresmaybeunacceptabletofamilyorfriendsthatmotivatesanindividualtoseekprofessionalhelp.Counsellorswillbefamiliarwithclientstatementssuchas:Ijustcouldn"ttalkaboutthistomyhusband.,Ireallycan"tletmymotherknowmytruefeelings.Anotheraspectofsocialcomparisoninthecounselingcontextrelatestoatechniqueknownasnormalizing.Thisistheprocesswherebyhelpersprovidereassurancetoclientsthatwhattheyareexperiencingisnotabnormaloratypical(非典型的),butisanormalreactionsharedbyotherswhenfacingsuchcircumstances.Patientdisclosure,facilitatedbythetherapist,seemsalsotofacilitatetheprocessofnormalizing.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。47.Toevaluateourselves,theauthorthinksitimportantforustocompareourselveswith___________________.48.Duringadolescence,peoplegenerallyfeelanimmensepressuretoappear______.49.Itisoftendifficultforpeopletoheightentheirself-awarenesswithout_________.50.Whatcanpeopledoiftheyfindwhattheythinkorsayunacceptabletofamilyorfriends?51.Counsellorsoftenassuretheirclientsthatwhattheyexperiencethemselvesisonly________________.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmakedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Amidallthejoblosses,there"snocategoryofworkerthattheeconomicdisruptionhasbeengoodfor:nonhumans.Fromself-servicecheckoutlinesatsupermarkettoindustrialrobotsarmedwithsawsandtaughttocarveupanimalbodiesinslaughter-houses,theseever-more-intelligentmachinesarenownotjustassistingworkersbutactuallykickingthemoutoftheirjobs.Automationisn"tjustaffectingfactoryworkers,either.Somelawfirmsnowuseartificialintelligencesoftwaretoscanandreadmountainsoflegaldocuments,workthatpreviouslywasperformedbyhighly-paidhumanlawyers.Robotscontinuetohaveanimpactonblue-collarjobs,andwhite-collarjobsareunderattackbymicroprocessors,sayseconomicsprofessorEdwardLearner.Therecessionpermanentlywipedout2.5millionjobs.USgrossdomesticproducthasclimbedbacktopre-recessionlevels,meaningwe"reproducingasmuchasbefore,onlywith6%fewerworkers.Tobesure,roboticsarenottheonlyjobkillersOutthere,withoutsourcing(外包)stealingfarmorejobsthanautomation.JeffBurnstein,presidentoftheRoboticsIndustryAssociation,arguesthatrobotsactuallysaveUSjobs.Hislogic:companiesthatembraceautomationmightusefewerworkers,butthat"sstillbetterthanfiringeveryoneandmovingtheworkoverseas.It"snotthatrobotsarecheaperthanhumans,thoughoftentheyare.It"sthatthey"rebetter.Insomecasesthequalityrequirementsaresoexactingthatevenifyouwantedtohaveahumandothejob,youcouldn"t.Burnsteinsays.Samegoesforsurgeons,who"reusingroboticsystemstoperformanever-growinglistofoperations-notbecausethemachinessavemoneybutbecause,thankstothegreaterprecisionofrobots,thepatientsrecoverinlesstimeandhavefewercomplications,saysDr.MyriamCuret.Surgeonsmaysurvivetherobotinvasion,butothersatthehospitalmightnotbesolucky,asiRobot,makeroftheRoomba,arobotvacuumcleaner,hasbeenshowingoffAva,whichcouldbeusedasamessengerinahospital.Andonceyou"rehome,recovering,Avacouldletyoutalktoyourdoctor,sothere"snoneedtosendsomeonetoyourhouse.Thatmobiletelepresencecouldbeusefulattheoffice.Ifyou"reawayonatrip,youcanstillattendameeting.Justconnectviavideoconferencingsoftware,soyourfaceappearsonAva"sscreen.Isanyjobsafe?Iwashopingtosayjournalist,butresearchersarealreadydevelopingsoftwarethatcangatherfactsandwriteanewsstory.Whichmeansthatafewyearsfromnow,arobotcouldbewritingthiscolumn.Andwhowillreadit?Well,theremightbealotofushangingaroundwithlotsoffreetimeonourhands.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。52.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstfewparagraphs?A)Theover-useofrobotshasdonedamagetoAmericaneconomy.B)Itishardforrobotstoreplacehumansinhighlyprofessionalwork.C)Artificialintelligenceiskeytofuturetechnologicalinnovations.DTheroboticindustryhasbenefitedfromtheeconomicrecession.53.WhatcausedthegreatestlossofjobsinAmerica?A)Usingmicroprocessorsextensively.B)Movingproductiontoothercountries.C)Thebankruptcyofmanycompanies.D)Theinvasionofmigrantworkers.54.WhatdoesJeffBurnsteinsayaboutrobots?A)Theyhelpcompaniestorevive.B)Theyarecheaperthanhumans.C)Theypreventjoblossesinaway.D)Theycompetewithhumanworkers.55.WhyareroboticsystemsreplacingsurgeonsinmoreandmoreoperationsaccordingtoDr.MyriamCuret?A)Theysavelotsofmoneyforthepatients.B)Theybeathumansinprecision.C)Theytakelesstimetoperformasurgery.D)Theymakeoperationslesspainful.56.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutrobotics?A)Itwillgreatlyenrichliterarycreation.B)Itwillstartanewtechnologicalrevolution.C)Itwillrevolutionizescientificresearch.D)Itwillbeappliedinanyfieldimaginable.PassageTwoQuestions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.You"venowhearditsomanytimes,youcanprobablyrepeatitinyoursleep.PresidentObamawillnodoubtmakethepointpubliclywhenhegetstoBeijing:theChineseneedtoconsumemore;theyneed-believeitornot-tobecomemorelikeAmericans,forthesakeoftheglobaleconomy.Andit"salltrue.ButtheothersideofthatequationisthattheUSneedstosavemore.Forthemoment,Americanhouseholdsactuallyaredoingso.Afterthepersonal-savingsratedippedtozeroin2005,theshockoftheeconomiccrisislastyearpromptedpeopletosnapshuttheirwallets.InChina,thehousehold-savingsrateexceeds20%.Itispartlyforpolicyreasons.Aswe"veseen,wageearnersareexpectedtocarefornotonlytheirchildrenbuttheiragingparents.Andthereis,todate,onlytheflimsiest(脆弱的)ofpublicly-fundedhealthcareandpensionsystems,whichincreasesincentivesforindividualstosavewhiletheyareworking.ButChinaisasocietythathaslongesteemedpersonalfinancialprudence(謹(jǐn)慎).Thereisnochancethatwillchangeanytimesoon,evenifthegovernmentcreatesabettersocialsafetynetandsuccessfullyencouragesgreaterconsumerspending.WhydoestheUSneedtolearnalittlefrugality(節(jié)儉)?Becausehealthysavingsratesareoneofthesurestindicatorsofacountry"slong-termfinancialhealth.Highsavingslead,overtime,toincreasedinvestment,whichinturngeneratesproductivitygains,innovationandjobgrowth.Inshort,savingsaretheseedcornofagoodeconomicharvest.TheUSgovernmentthusneedstoactaswell.Byrunningconstantdeficits,itisdis-saving,evenashouseholdssavemore.PeterOrszag,Obama"sBudgetDirector,recentlycalledtheUSbudgetdeficitsunsustainableandhe"sright.Todate,theUShasseemedunabletoseetheconsequencesofspendingsomuchmorethanistakenin.Thatneedstochange.AndthoughHuJintaoandtherestoftheChineseleadershiparen"tinclinedtolecturevisitingPresidents,hemightgentlyhintthatBeijingisgettingalittlenervousaboutthevalueofthedollar-whichhasfallen15%sinceMarch,inlargepartbecauseofincreasingfearsthatAmerica"sdebtloadisbecomingunmanageable.That"swhathappenswhenyou"retheworld"sbiggestcreditor:yougettodrophintslikethat,whichwouldbeenoughbythemselvestocreateinternationaleconomicchaosiftheywereeverleaked.(EverytimeanyofficialinBeijingdeliberatespubliclyaboutseekinganalternativetotheUSdollarforthe$2.1trillionChinaholdsinreserve,currencytradershaveaheartattack.)IfAmericanssavedmoreandspentless,consistentlyovertime,theywouldn"thavetoworryaboutallthat.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。57.HowdidtheeconomiccrisisaffectAmericans?A)Theyhadtotightentheirbelts.B)Theirbanksavingsratedroppedtozero.C)Theirleadershipintheglobaleconomywasshaken.D)TheybecameconcernedaboutChina"sfinancialpolicy.58.WhatshouldbedonetoencourageChinesepeopletoconsume?A)Changingtheirtraditionalwayoflife.B)Providingfewerincentives(orsaving.C)ImprovingChina"ssocialsecuritysystem.D)Cuttingdowntheexpensesonchild-rearing.59.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingsavingsaretheseedcornofagoodeconomicharvest(Lines3-4,Para.4)?A)Themoreonesaves,themorereturnsonewillreap.B)Acountry"seconomyhingesonitssavingspolicy.C)Thosewhokeepsavingwillliveaneasylifeintheend.D)Ahealthysavingsratepromoteseconomicprosperity.60.Inwhatcircumstancesdocurrencytradersbecomescared?A)WhenBeijingallowsitscurrencyexchangeratestofloat.B)WhenChinastartstoreduceitscurrentforeignreserves.C)WhenChinatalksaboutswitchingitsdollarreservestoothercurrencies.D)WhenBeijingmentionsinpublicthehugedebtsAmericaowesChina.61.Whatistheauthor"spurposeofwritingthepassage?A)TourgetheAmericangovernmenttocutdeficits.B)ToencourageChinesepeopletospendmore.C)TotellAmericansnottoworryabouttheireconomy.D)TopromoteunderstandingbetweenChinaandAmerica.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。Theshortergrowingseasonsexpectedwithclimatechangeoverthenext40yearswillendangerhundredsofmillionsofalreadypoorpeopleintheglobaltropics,sayresearchersworking--62--theworld"sleadingagriculturalorganizations.Theeffectsofclimatechangearelikelytobeseenacrosstheentiretropical--63--butmanyareaspreviouslyconsideredtobe--64--foodsecurearelikelytobecomehighly--65--droughts,extremeweatherandhighertemperatures,saythe--66--withtheConsultativeGrouponInternationalAgriculturalResearch.Intensivelyfarmedareas--67--northeastBrazilandMexicoarelikelytoseetheir--68--growingseasonsfallbelow120days,whichis--69--forcropssuchascorntomature.ManyotherplacesinLatinAmericaarelikelyto--70--temperaturesthataretoohotforbean--71--astapleintheregion.Theimpactcouldbe--72--mostinIndiaandsoutheastAsia.Morethan300millionpeopleinsouthAsiaarelikelytobeaffectedevenwitha5%decreaseinthe--73--ofthegrowingseason.Higherpeaktemperaturesarealsoexpectedtotakeaheavy--74--onfoodproducers.Todaythereare56millioncrop-dependentpeopleinpartsofwestAfricaandIndiawholiveinareaswhere,in40years,maximumdailytemperaturescouldbehigherthan30oC.Thisis--75--tothemaximumtemperaturethatbeanscantolerate,--76--cornandriceyieldssufferwhentemperatures--77--thislevel.Wearestartingtoseemuchmoreclearly--78--theeffectsofclimatechangeonagriculturecould--79--hungerandpoverty,saidresearchleaderPattiKristjansonFarmersalreadyadapt--80--variableweatherbychangingtheirplantingschedules.Whatthisstudysuggestsisthatthespeedofclimate--81--andthemagnitudeofthechangesrequiredtoadaptcouldbemuchgreater.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。62.A)byB)withC)outD)along63.A)zoneB)segmentC)portionD)sphere64.A)preciselyB)relativelyC)graduallyD)magically65.A)devotedB)indifferentC)vulnerableD)immune66.A)governorsB)executivesC)clientsD)researchers67.A)likeB)underC)amongD)beside68.A)grimB)primeC)slimD)extreme69.A)drasticB)marvelousC)temporaryD)critical70.A)prolongB)relieveC)contractD)experience71.A)productionB)promotionC)processionD)progression72.A)feltB)inducedC)dealtD)charged73.A)widthB)depthC)lengthD)height74.A)agonyB)tollC)weightD)plague75.A)closeB)linkedC)relevantD)attached76.A)untilB)sinceC)whileD)unless77.A)assumeB)proceedC)expectD)exceed78.A)asB)whichC)whereD)than79.A)strikeB)intensifyC)lessenD)ease80.A)onB)atC)toD)in81.A)transfersB)quakesC)transitsD)shiftsPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答,只需寫(xiě)出譯文部分。82.Thenewmoviewearegoingtoseethisevening_______________________(據(jù)說(shuō)是基于一次真實(shí)事件).83.Sometimesthecouponattachedtoaproductmay______________________(分散顧客對(duì)其質(zhì)量的注意力).84.Ifwehadlefthalfanhourearlier,we______________________(或許就不會(huì)為交通阻塞所耽擱).85.Nancyrefusedtheassistanceprovided,forsheobjected___________________(被當(dāng)成殘疾人看待).86.Hard______________________(他們雖然盡了力),theirfirstattemptatasolutionwasunsuccessful.