2019解放軍文職招聘考試教育學(xué)英語知識點898-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-29 16:50:09任何一種語言都會有一些外來的詞語，從而豐富了自己的語種體系，英語也不例外。大多數(shù)英語詞語都源自于其他語言，如拉丁語、德語、法語、希臘語、荷蘭語、意大利語等50多個語種，其中包括漢語。在最權(quán)威的英國《牛津英語詞典》自1994年以來，新增的英語詞語中，漢語貢獻(xiàn)了5%到20%，超過了任何其他語言。這是隨著國際化的發(fā)展，中國不斷的走向世界，融入西方文化中。來自漢語的英語詞語大致可分為以下幾類：1.衣著飲食中國人從古至今，在穿著上與飲食上都有自己的民族特色，這對西方人來說，是很具有誘惑力的，因此這類來自漢語的英語詞語不少,例如cheongsam(長衫/旗袍)、dudou(肚兜)、silk(絲綢)、nankeen(紫花布)、tofu(豆腐)、bok choy/petsai(白菜)、dim sum(點心)、spring rolls(春卷)、moon cake(月餅)、chow fan( 炒飯)、chow mein(炒面)、jiaozi(餃子)、wonton(餛飩)、chop suey(雜碎)、kaoliang(高粱/高粱酒)、Maotai(茅臺酒)、tea(茶)、oolong(烏龍茶)、souchong(小種茶)、ketchup( 蕃茄醬)、Peking duck(北京烤鴨)、longan(龍眼)、lychee/litche(荔枝)、gingko( 銀杏)、ginseng(人參)等。2.歷史文化隨著孔子學(xué)院在世界各國遍地開花，中國的傳統(tǒng)文化也吸引著更多的外國友人，因此有這些文化類的詞語。這類英語詞語有Confucius(孔子)、Mencius(孟子)、Confucianism(儒家思想)、Tao(道/道教)、Four Books(《四書》)、Five Classics(《五經(jīng)》)、Tao Te Ching(《道德經(jīng)》)、yinyang(陰陽)、feng shui(風(fēng)水)、Kwan Yin(觀音)、lama(喇嘛)、xiucai(秀才)、kowtow(磕頭)、Mandarin(官話/普通話)、Cantonese(廣東話/廣東人)、china(陶器)、mahjong(麻將)、chopsticks(筷子)、Long(龍)、Qilin(麒麟)、Spring Festival(春節(jié))等;這些詞語不用向母語為英語的專業(yè)人士特別解釋都能被理解。3.政治經(jīng)濟中國隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，已經(jīng)是發(fā)展中國家，屹立于世界民族之林，然而與此同時，從中國閉關(guān)鎖國的政策被打破以后，也出現(xiàn)了相應(yīng)的政治經(jīng)濟術(shù)語，有褒有貶。例如：Yamen(衙門)、coolie(苦力)、paper tiger(紙老虎)、running dogs(走狗)、brainwashing(洗腦)、Great Leap Forward(大躍進)、Red Guards(紅衛(wèi)兵)、Gang of Four(四人幫)、hukou(戶口)、economic zone(經(jīng)濟特區(qū))、township enterprises(鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè))、chengguan(城管)、guanxi(關(guān)系)、buzheteng(不折騰)、dama(大媽)、tuhao(土豪)、peaceful rising(和平崛起)等。我國的貨幣單位yuan(元)以及度量單位mou(畝)和jin(斤)已被收進英語詞典;有趣的是,yuan這個詞在英語中又經(jīng)歷了詞義范圍擴大的過程,現(xiàn)在還可以用來泛指 錢 (money)。4.文體娛樂中國傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)以其濃郁的鄉(xiāng)土氣息、淳厚的藝術(shù)內(nèi)涵和生動的歷史痕跡，受到世界人民的喜愛和欣賞;這類英語詞語有pinju(評劇)、Yuju(豫劇)、Erhuang(二簧)、Peking opera(京劇)、Jingbai(京白)、wudan(武旦)、qinyi(青衣)、hualian(花臉)、daomadan(刀馬旦)、pipa(琵琶)、erhu (二胡)、guzheng(古箏)等。中國近年流行廣場舞，英語媒體也頻頻出現(xiàn)漢語拼音Guang Chang Wu。中國武術(shù)名揚天下，各種絕活令人稱奇;kung fu(功夫)幾乎成為中國武術(shù)的代名詞，功夫影帝李小龍當(dāng)立頭功;中國武術(shù)的精華還有Sanda/Sanshou(散打)、Tai Chi(太極拳)等。英語詞語中的這類漢語借詞最具中國文化特色。5.科學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)算盤是中國傳統(tǒng)的計算工具，也是中國人對世界科技的一大貢獻(xiàn);suan pan(算盤)也就成為了最早來自漢語的英語詞語之一。當(dāng)中國人邁出太空第一步時,一個以漢語為詞綴新造出的英語單詞taikonaut(太空人)也就出現(xiàn)了;它是漢語拼音 太空 (taikong)和希臘詞 nautēs (航行者)組成。西方媒體越來越多地用這個新詞來稱呼中國航天員。中國網(wǎng)民世界上最多的國家，他們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)流行語被譯為英語后，已成為常用的表達(dá)方式。例如:online shoppers(淘客)、angry youth(憤青)、digit head(計算機迷)、don"train(動車)、human flesh search(人肉搜索)、knockoff(山寨)、play hide and seek(躲貓貓)、get soy sauce(打醬油)、jiujielity(糾結(jié))、instant online celebrities(網(wǎng)絡(luò)紅人)、housing public accumulation funds(住房公積金)、forced evictions and demolitions(強征強拆)、gelivible(給力)、pear big(鴨梨很大，即壓力很大)等都是比較有代表性的表達(dá)方式，而且使用人數(shù)眾多。非常具有時事性強。6.中國名言英語中國的很多名言俗語，具有中國風(fēng)特色，翻譯成英語后，就成了中國式英語。例如：lose face(丟面子)、no can do(不能做/干不了)、long time no see(好久不見)、good good study, day day up(好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上)、no money no talk(沒錢免談)、people mountain people sea(人山人海)、We two who and who?(咱倆誰跟誰?)等;其中前面三個詞組已融入主流英語，并進入英語權(quán)威詞典。雖然中式英語不符合傳統(tǒng)英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，但GLM卻從全球視野和英語發(fā)展的角度對中式英語給予了熱情洋溢的高度評價，認(rèn)為它將會豐富英語的表達(dá)方式。由上可見，含有漢語元素的英語詞語通常采用音譯、意譯、音意合譯、音譯加詞綴和語義再生這五種方式來產(chǎn)生;它們或多或少都經(jīng)過了一定程度上的 英化 改造，基本上都融入了英語的詞匯體系和語用系統(tǒng)。來自漢語的英語詞語是語言接觸的產(chǎn)物和文化融合的結(jié)果;這些詞語不僅豐富了英語的內(nèi)涵,還促進了英語的發(fā)展。正如著名學(xué)者周海中教授所言： 以漢語為來源的英語詞語是漢英兩種語言接觸的必然產(chǎn)物，也是中西文化融合的必然結(jié)果;隨著中華民族與英語民族的交流交往日益頻繁，來自漢語的英語詞語及表達(dá)方式將會越來越多，從而進一步推動英語的國際化、多樣化進程。各位考生，掌握住了這些趣味的中國式英語，你可以更好的服務(wù)于教學(xué)，因為在我們的教材中，不僅講的有西方文化，還有中國文化。
2020中國人民解放軍文職人員招聘考試英語詞匯:abnormal-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時間：2020-03-02 19:49:36abnormal是什么意思及反義詞adj.不正常的，反常的，變態(tài)的詞形變化副詞 abnormally英語解釋much greater than the normalnot normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a normdeparting from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development
解放軍文職招聘考試2013年6月英語四級聽力文本第二套-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時間：2017-06-18 19:20:562013年6月英語四級聽力文本第二套Section A注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。A) Children should be taught to be more careful.B) Children shouldn t drink so much orange juice.C) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.A) Fitness training.B) The new job offer.C) Computer programming.D) Directorship of the club.A) He needs to buy a new sweater.B) He has got to save on fuel bills.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed.D) The heating system doesn t work.A) Committing theft.B) Taking pictures.C) Window shopping.D) Posing for the camera.A) She is taking some medicine.B) She has not seen a doctor yet.C) She does not trust the man s advice.D) She has almost recovered from the cough.A) Pamela s report is not finished as scheduled.B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D) Pamela s mistakes could have been avoided.A) In the left-luggage office.B) At the hotel reception.C) In a hotel room.D) At an airport.18. A) She was an excellent student at college.B) She works in the entertainment business.C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech.D) She is good at conveying her message.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) Arranging the woman s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fixing the time for the designer s latest fashion show.C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.A) Her travel to Japan.B) The awards ceremony.C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.D) When to start the makeup session.A) He is Mr. Romero s agent.B) He is an entertainment journalist.C) He is the woman s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) Make an appointement for an interview.B) Send in an application letter.C) Fill in an application form.D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.B) Someone experienced in business management.C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.A) Travel opportunities.B) Handsome pay.C) Prospects for promotion.D) Flexible working hours.A) It depends on the working hours.B) It is about 500 pounds a week.C) It will be set by the Human Resources.D) It is to be negotiated.Section B注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D) To save space for more profitable products.27. A) On the top shelves.B) On the bottom shelves.C) On easily accessible shelves.D) On clearly marked shelves.A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B) A few of them are fathers with babies.C) A majority of them are young couples.D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B) Sales assistants following customers around.C) Customers competing for good bargains.D) Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B) Doing research in an institute.C) Studying for a college degree.D) Working in a hi-tech company.A) He studied the designs of various clocks.B) He did experiments on different materials.C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D) He asked different people for their opinions.A) Its automatic mechanism.B) Its manufacturing process.C) Its way of waking people up.D) Its funny-looking pig face.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) It is often caused by a change of circumstances.B) It actually doesn t require any special treatment.C) It usually appears all of a sudden.D) It generally lasts for several years.A) They cannot mix well with others.B) They irrationally annoy their friends.C) They depend heavily on family members.D) They blame others for ignoring their needs.A) They lack consistent support from peers.B) They doubt their own popularity.C) They were born psychologically weak.D) They focus too much on themselves.Section C注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ______ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ______, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ______ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ______ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is (40) ______ about us in one place or another- and for one reason or another can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ______ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ______, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ______ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized data as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ____________________ as the computer becomes increasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that (45) ____________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ______________________.Section AM: I don"t know what to do with Timmy. This morning I found orange juice spilled all over the kitchen floor.W: Don"t be so hard on him. He"s only four.Q: What does the woman mean?W: Excuse me, sir. I would like to know about the fitness training program in your club.M: I"ll have you speak with the director in charge of new accounts.Q: What is the woman interested in?W: It"s really cold in this apartment. Can we turn up the heat a little bit?M: Sorry. I"ve run out of money and can hardly pay the fuel bill.Maybe you"d better put on a sweater.Q: What does the man mean?M: I"m sorry, Miss. But you have to come with me to the security office. The video cameras in our shop have recordedeverything you did.W: No. No. I... I didn"t do anything.I"ll call the police if you dare insult me.Q: What does the man think the woman was doing?M: I think you ought to see a doctor right away about that cough.W: Well, I"ll wait a few more days. I"m sure I"ll get over it soon.Q: What do we learn about the woman?M: I"ve heard that Pamela made quite a few mistakes in her lab report.W: Well, she wouldn"t have if she hadn"t been in such a hurry to get it done.Q: What does the woman imply?M: We"d better check out before 12 o"clock,Mary. And now there are only 30 minutes left.W: Let"s hurry up. You go pay the bill and I"ll call the reception to have our luggage taken downstairs.Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?W: Have you ever heard this speaker before?M: Yeah. She"s excellent. She gets her point across and is entertaining at the same time.Q: What does the man say about the speaker?Conversation OneM: What should I do about Mr. Romero?Remember? He said it was important and couldn"t wait. I think he may want youf or that new movie he"s directing.W: That"s absolutely correct. Now, we have to fit him in somewhere. Mmm, what does Monday morning look like?M: That doesn"t look so good. You have a make-up session starting at 6:00. Then filming starts at 8:00 and that"s going to take the whole morning.W: Well, what"s after that?M: You have lunch with your agent to discuss the awards ceremony and you ought to meet him at one o"clock at the restaurant.W: Oh, terrific. Listen, I cannot miss that. But I still have to make time for Mr. Romero.M: Well, now, don"t forget you"ve got a three-o"clock appointment with your fashion designer.W: That"s right. You know he"s showing the latest fashions from Japan? You know that loose-fitting look? Those clothes are on show in this year.M: At 4:30, you have an appointment with your hairdresser. Then at 7:00, you have dinner with a journalist. Now remember, be nice to that guy.W: Do I have to? That won"t be easy and it"s likely to run late. How does Tuesday look?M: Well, you have to spend the whole morning at the photographer"s. They are taking photos to publicize your new movie.W: What about the afternoon? Am I free then?M: Let me see...Yes, you are free after 3:30.W: Then you can set up a meeting with Mr.Romero at 4:00.M: OK. I"ll get on it right away.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What are the speakers doing?20. What is the woman going to discuss with her agent over lunch on Monday?21.What do we learn from the conversation about the man?Conversation TwoM: I"m phoning up about this job you advertise in this paper. This...er...young sales manager?W: Oh, yes.M: I"d like to apply for it. Would you send me an application form?W: No. You simply send in a written application, a letter.M: Can you tell me a bit more about the job?W: Well, we are really looking for someone who isn"t too concerned about working fairly long hours.M: What do you mean by long hours ?W: This is a job which does, as the advertisement says, have travel possibilities, and very often, one would be away at weekends, for instance.M: Oh, I thought you meant working in the evenings and working overtime.W: Well, it could also mean working in the evenings. But for a managerial post, I"m afraid we don"t pay overtime. Mmm...that"s for other grades.M: Oh. What kind of money are you paying then?W: Well, this is to be negotiated. Oh, it depends partly on your experience and education. Perhaps you can tell me briefly what that is?M: I"ve just left school and got A level in geography.W: Oh, I see.M: And it"s the travel that appeals to me. That"s why I"m inquiring about the job.W: Yes, I see. What sort of salary were you thinking in terms of?M: Starting off, I thought it would be something like ￡500 a week?W: Well, send in a written application and then we"ll consider your case along with all the other applicants.M: Alright. Many thanks. Goodbye.W: Bye.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. What does the woman say an applicant should do first to apply for the job?23. What kind of a person is the company looking for?24. What does the man like most about the job?25. What does the woman say about the salary if the man is accepted by the company?Passage 1A typical large supermarket offers around 17 000 to 20 000 items for sale and it wants to make sure that its customers see as many of them as possible. That"s why you"ll only find essential goods like bread, vegetables and meat in completely different parts of the store.Products with a high profit margin are always placed on shelves within easy reach of the customer, while lower margin items like sugar or flower are on the top or bottom shelves. Many people make shopping lists before they visit supermarkets. But even so, around 60% of all supermarket purchases are the result of decisions that are taken in the store. For this reason, supermarkets try to attract their customers by placing certain kinds of products next to each other.In the UK, beer will often be found next to items for babies because research shows that fathers of babies buy them on their way home from work and will buy beer at the same time. Research has also shown that this kind of impulse buy happens more frequently when no sales assistants are nearby. Supermarkets have made selling such a fine art that their customers often lose all sense of time. When interviewed, customers normally guess they"ve only spent half an hour in the supermarket even when they have been there for over 45 minutes. But that shouldn"t be too surprising.Any witty profitable supermarket knows that it should keep its clocks well hidden.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. Why are essential goods displayed in totally different parts of the supermarket?27. Where are goods with a high profit margin usually found?28. What does the speaker say about supermarket goers?29. What shouldn"t be too surprising according to the speaker?Passage 2When Matty Sallin was working on a degree in arts and technology at university, he got an interesting assignment in electronics class: create something for the household. He decided to create an alarm clock. Everybody has to use an alarm clock of some kind every day, and it"s extremely unpleasant! he says. He asked different people what they"d like to wake up to instead of a noisy alarm. A lot of them said, the smell ofbacon. So Sallin invented a new kind of alarm clock: a wooden box with a pig face and a digital clock that uses the smell of cooking bacon rather than sound to wake someone up.He explains, There"s no danger of burning,because I built it carefully. It uses light bulbs instead of a flame for cooking and turns off automatically after ten minutes. Just a few easy steps are required to set the alarm. What you do is put in a couple of frozen strips the night before, says Sallin. Bacon is preserved, so there is no danger of its spoiling overnight. If you set the alarm for 8:00, it will turn on at 7:50 and slow cook for ten minutes under the bulbs, he says. Then the bulbs turnoff and a fan blows the smell out through the nose of the pig. So instead of an alarm, you smell yourself awake, says Sall in. Then you can open the door on the side and pull the bacon out and eat it.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. What was Matty Sallin doing when he created an alarm clock?31. What did Matty Sallin do before making the new type of alarm clock?32. What makes the newly invented alarm clock so unique?Passage 3Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. For some people,though, loneliness can last for years. Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon and have identified three different types of loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particulars ituation, for example, a divorce or moving to a new place.Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, it usually does not last for more than a year. Unlike the second type, the third kind of loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many of them think there is little or nothing they can do about it. Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person"s social contacts, for example,friends, family members, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that the number of social contacts we have is not the only reason for loneliness. It is more important how many social contacts we think or expect we should have. In other words, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. What does the speaker say about situational loneliness?34. What problem will people have if they experience habitual loneliness?35.Why do some people suffer loneliness according to psychologists?There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and locked away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often forgotten,never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. Responsible for the change has been the astonishingly swift development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is collected about us in one place or another and for one reason or another can be stored in a computer bank.It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by individuals and by private businesses and corporations, lending institutions, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government agencies at the local, state,and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized data as a frightening invasion of their privacy. Surveys show that the number of worried Americans has been steadily growing over the years as the computer becomes increasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that 37 percent of the people questioned felt their privacy was being invaded. Seven years later, 47percent expressed the same worry. A recent survey by a credit bureau revealed that the number of alarmed citizens had soared up to 76 percent.每天15分鐘英語聽力ID：shrj520小伙伴關(guān)注了之后，聽力變成送分題▲微信掃描以上二維碼11. C12. A13. B14. A15. B16. D17. C18. D19. A20. B21. C22. B23. D24. A25. D26. B27. C28. A29. D30. C31. D32. C33. A34. A35. B36.locked37.forgotten38.Responsible39.swift40.collected41.individuals42.institutions43.agencies44.Surveys show that the number of worried Americans has been steadily growingover the years45. 37percent of the people Questioned felt their privacy was being invaded46. Arecent survey by a credit bureau revealed that the number of alarmed citizenshad soared up to 76 percent
解放軍文職招聘考試2012年12月英語四級聽力文本第二套-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時間：2017-06-18 18:27:462012年12月英語四級聽力文本第二套Section A（對話部分）A) Find a shortcut to the park..B) Buy some roses from the market.C) Plant trees in the east end of town.D) Go to the park to enjoy the flowers.A) She has been invited to give a talk.B) She is going to meet the man at 9:30.C) She cannot attend the presentation.D) She cannot work because of her toothache.A) He is a very successful businessman.B) He has changed his business strategy.C) He is making plans to expand his operation.D) He was twenty when he took over the companyA) She has every confidence in Susan.B) She has not read the news on the Net.C) She is a little bit surprised at the newsD) She is not as bright and diligent as Susan.15.A) It is more comfortable and convenient to take a bus.B) It is worth the money taking a train to MiamiC) It is not always cheaper going by bus.D) It is faster to go to Miami by train.A) Antiques can improve their image.B) Preservation of antiques is important.C) The old furniture should he replaced.D) They should move into a new office.A) All roads were closed because of the flood.B) The man stayed at the lab the whole night.C) The man got home late due to the stormD) The storm continued until midnight.A) Many children feel bored when left alone.B) The woman s sons might enjoy team sports.C) The woman 5 kids can play soccer with his son.D) Children should play sports at least once a week.Long Conversation OneA) Make phone calls to promote sales.B) Arrange business negotiations.C) Handle complaints from customers.D) Take orders over the phone.A) They had different business strategies.B) Customers often mistook one for the other.C) Conflicts between them could not be properly solved.D) Customers questions could not be answered on the same day.A) They each take a week.B) They like to spend it together.C) They have to take it by turns.D) They are given two weeks eachLong Conversation TwoA) At a road crossing.B) Outside a police station.C) Near a school.D) In front of a kindergarten.A) He drove too fast to read it.B) He did not notice it.C) It says 45 miles an hour.D) It 15 not clearly visible.24.A) It should have been renewed two months ago.B) It actually belongs to somebody else.C) It is no longer valid.D) It 15 not genuine.A) He got a ticket.B) He was fined$35.C) He had his driver s license canceledD) He had to do two weeks, community service.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) They care more about an item s price than its use.B) They grab whatever they think is a good bargain.C) They become excited as if they had never been there.D) They behave as if their memories have failed today.A) Those with a VIP card.B) Those with 15 items or less.C) Those needing assistanceD) Those paying in cash.A) Go back and pick up more items.B) Take out some unwanted purchases.C) Change the items they have picked up.D) Calculate the total cost of the groceries.A) It calls for carefulness.B) It requires tolerance.C) It needs a good knowledge of math.D) It involves communications skills.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) A package of ideas formally presented.B) A short presentation clearly delivered.C) A natural and spontaneous style of speech.D) A clever use of visual aids in presentations.A) The skillful use of gestures and facial expressions.B) Differences in style between writing and speaking.C) Different preferences of audiences.D) The importance of preparation.A) The differences between American and Asian culture.B) The significance of cross-cultural communication.C) The increasing importance of public speaking.D) The key to becoming a good speaker.Passage ThreeA) By comparing his performance with others .B) By being repeatedly corrected by adults.C) By observing what their teachers do.D) By being given constant praise.A) The best students are usually smart by nature.B) It is only natural for children to make errors.C) Children cannot detect their own mistakes.D) All children should have equal opportunities.A) It is favorable to knowledge accumulation.B) It is beneficial to independent children.C) It is unhealthy to students upbringing.D) It is unhelpful to students learning.Section CTime is, for the average American, of utmost importance. To the (36)____ visitor, Americans seem to be more concerned with getting things (37)____ on time (according to a predetermined schedule) than they are with developing deep (38)____ relations. Schedules, for the American, are meant to be planned and then followed in the smallest (39)____ .It may seem to you that most Americans are completely (40)____ by the little machines they wear on their wrists, cutting their discussions off (41)____ to make it to their next appointment on time.Americans language is filled with (42)____ to time, giving a clear (43)____ of how much it is valued. Time is something to be on, to be kept, filled, saved, wasted, gained, planned, given, made the most of, even killed.The international visitor soon learns that (44)____Time is so valued in America, because by considering time to be important one can clearly achieve more than if one wastes time and doesn t keep busy. This philosophy has proven its worth. (45)____. Many American proverbs stress the value of guarding time, using it wisely, and setting and working toward specific goals. (46) ____Section AW: I just heard about a really beautiful park in the east end of the town. There are a lot of roses in bloom.M: Why don t we walk over there and see for ourselves?Q: What will the speakers probably do?M: My presentation is scheduled for 9:30 tomorrow morning at the lecture hall. I hope to see you there.W: Oh, sorry. I was about to tell you that I have an appointment with my dentist at 9:00 o clock tomorrow.Q: What do we learn about the woman?W: How long have you been running this company?M: Twenty years if you can believe that. I brought it from a small operation to what it is today.Q: What do we learn about the man?M: Have you read the news on the campus net? Susan has won the scholarship for next year.W: I knew she would from the very beginning. Such a brilliant and diligent girl! She certainly deserves it.Q: What does the woman mean?W: Taking a bus to Miami, it s cheaper than going by train.M: That s true. But I d rather pay a little more for the added comfort and convenience.Q: What does the man mean?M: I think it s time we got rid of all this old furniture.W: You re right. We need to promote our image besides it s not a real antique.Q: What do the speakers mean?M: That was some storm yesterday. How was I afraid I couldn t make it home.W: Yeah, most of the roads to my house were flooded. I didn t get home from the lab until midnight.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?W: My boys are always complaining that they re bored.M: Why don t you get them into some team sports? My son and daughter play soccer every Saturday. And they both look forward to it all week.Q: What does the man mean?Conversation 1W: So John, I hear you and Arthur share a job, don t you?M: Yes. We ve shared a sales job at Sonatech for about two years now.W: Well, how do you divide up your schedule?M: You know we are both sales representatives, and we take orders over the phone. When we started job sharing it was difficult, because we both worked all day Monday. I worked Tuesday and Thursday and Arthur worked Wednesday and Friday. The problem was that when I was in the office on Tuesday. I would talk to people, then they would call back on Wednesday with a question. But Arthur couldn t answer the question and he couldn t ask me about it because I wasn t in the office. So he had to ask the people to call me back the next day, Thursday. Of course, they didn t like to wait until the next day to have their questions answered.W: Yes, that sounds like a problem.M: So, finally we decided that Arthur would work in the mornings and I would work in the afternoons. Now if someone calls with the question for me in the morning, Arthur tells them to call me in the afternoon. This way, people get their questions answered the same day.W: What do you do about vacations?M: Well, Sonatech gives the usual two weeks of vacation to full-time employees, I take a week and Arthur takes a week.W: It sounds like job sharing has worked out well for you.M: Yes, it has. We are both happy with it.Q19. What do John and author do at Sonatech?Q20. What problem did John and Arthur have when they started job sharing?Q21. What does John say about their annual vacation?Conversation 2W: May I see your license, please?M: But officer, did I do something wrong?W: Do you mean to say you didn t see the speed limit sign back there?M: Um, no, madam, I guess I didn t.W: In other words, you drove by too fast to read it. The sign says 35m/h. A school is just nearby, you know?M: Don t get me wrong, but my speedometer didn t read much faster than that.W: Then, why is it that my radar showed you are going 45? Let me put it another way. I m going to give you a ticket. Again, may I see your license, please?M: Here it is, officer. But let me explain. I was late for an important appointment and I was worried that I wouldn t make it on time. SoW: Uha, just a minute, here. Your license is no longer valid. You should have renewed it two weeks ago. I m going to have to write you up for that, too.M: What? Really?W: Your license becomes invalid on your birthday and that was two weeks ago according to the date here. You are in violation of the law driving without a valid license.M: I m sorry, madam. I hadn t realized that.W: Here s the ticket for not having a valid license. But I m only going to give you a warning about exceeding the speed limit. Be careful next time.M: Yes, madam, officer, I will. Thank you.Q22. Where was the man stopped by the police officer?Q23. What did the man claim about the speed limit sign?Q24. What did the woman say about the man s driving license?Q25. What was the man s penalty?Section BPassage 1Since I started working part-time at a grocery store, I have learned that a customer is more than someone who buy something. To me, a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she starts to push a shopping card. One of the first things customers forget is how to count. There is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line, which is clearly marked 15 items or less, with 20, 25 or even a cart load of items. Customers also forget why they came to the store in the first place. Just as I finish ringing up an order, a customer will say, Oops, I forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread. I hope you don t mind waiting while I go get it. Five minutes later, he s back with the bread, a bottle of milk, and three rolls of paper towels. Strange is that seems customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their groceries. Instead of writing a check or looking for a credit card while I am ringing up the groceries, my customers will wait until I announce the total. Then, in surprise, she says, Oh no, what did I do with my check book? After 5 minutes of digging through her purse, she borrows my pen because she s forgotten hers. But I have to be tolerant of customers because they pay my salary, and that s something I can t afford to forget.Q26. What does the speaker say about customers entering the grocery store?Q27. Which customers are supposed to be in the express line?Q28. What does the speaker say some customers do when they arrive at the check-out counter?Q29. What does the speaker say about his job at the end of the talk?Passage 2The speech delivery style of Europeans and Asians tends to be very formal. Speakers of these cultures often read oral presentations from carefully retain manual scripts. On the other hand, American speakers are generally more informal relative to speakers and other cultures. American audiences prefer natural, spontaneous delivery that conveys a lively sense of communication. They don t relay well to speakers who read from a manual script. If you use an outline of your ideas instead of a prepare text, your speech will not only sound more natural, but you will also be able to establish better relationship with your listeners and keep their attention. The language and style you use when making an oral presentation should not be the same as the language in style you use when writing. Well retain information, that is meant to be read, does not work as well when it is heard. It is, therefore, important for you to adapt retain texts or outlines for presentations. Good speakers are much more informal when speaking than when writing. They also use their own words and develop their own speaking styles. Whenever possible, they use short words. Listeners are appreciated when speakers use simple, everyday words in a presentation. One advantage is that it is much easier for speakers to pronounce short words correctly. Another is that long and sophisticated vocabulary choices make listening more difficult.Question 30 to 3230. What does the speaker say American audiences prefer?31. What should one pay attention to when making an oral presentation?32. What does the speaker focus on in the talk?Passage 3Let children learn to judge their own workA child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He compares a thousand times a day the difference between language as he uses it and language as those around him use it. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people s. In the same way, kids learning to do all the other things they learn without adult teachers, to walk, run, climb, ride a bike, play games, compare their own performance with what more skilled people do, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to detect his mistakes. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him. Soon he becomes dependent on the expert. We should let him do it himself. Let him figure out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what is the answer to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or that.If right answers need to be given, as in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such tedious work? Our job should be to help the children when they tell us that they can t find the way to get the right answer.Question 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q33 How does a child learn to do something according to the speaker?Q34 What belief do teachers commonly hold according to the speaker?Q35 What does the speaker imply about the current way of teaching?Section cTime is, for the average American, of utmost importance. To the foreign visitor, Americans seem to be more concerned with getting things accomplished on time (according to a predetermined schedule) than they are with developing deep interpersonal relations. Schedules, for the American, are meant to be planned and then followed in the smallest detail.It may seem to you that most Americans are completely controlled by the little machines they wear on their wrists, cutting their discussions off abruptly to make it to their next appointment on time.Americans language is filled with references to time, giving a clear indication of how much it is valued. Time is something to be on, to be kept, filled, saved, wasted, gained, planned, given, made the most of, even killed.The international visitor soon learns that it is considered very rude to be late even by 10 minutes for an appointment in America.Time is so valued in America, because by considering time to be important one can clearly achieve more than if one wastes time and doesn t keep busy. This philosophy has proven its worth. It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in America. Many American proverbs stress the value of guarding time, using it wisely, and setting and working toward specific goals. Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.11.D). Go to the park to enjoy the flowers.12.C). She cannot attend the presentation.13.A). He is a very successful businessman.14.A). She has every confidence in Susan.15.B). It is worth the money taking a train to Miami16.C). The old furniture should he replaced.17.C). The man got home late due to the storm18.B). The woman s sons might enjoy team sports.19.D). Take orders over the phone.20.D). Customers questions could not be answered on the same day.21.A). They each take a week.22.C). Near a school.23.B). He did not notice it.24.C). It is no longer valid.25.A). He got a ticket.26.D). They behave as if their memories have failed today.27.B). Those with 15 items or less.28.A). Go back and pick up more items.29.B). It requires tolerance.30.C). A natural and spontaneous style of speech.31.B). Differences in style between writing and speaking.32.D). The key to becoming a good speaker.33.A). By comparing his performance with others .34.C). Children cannot detect their own mistakes.35.D). It is unhelpful to students learning.36.foreign37.accomplished38.interpersonal39.detail.40.controlled41.abruptly42.references43.indication44.it is considered very rude to be late even by 10 minutes for an appointment in America.45.It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in America.46.Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.
