2019軍隊(duì)文職真題解析紅師_軍隊(duì)文職考試

解放軍文職招聘考試公衛(wèi)、院感-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-06-16 20:47:43考生考試記錄考前練習(xí)（公衛(wèi)、院感）您的得分：0.001、可耐受最高攝入量1分A.某一特定性別、年齡及生理狀況群體中個(gè)體對(duì)某營(yíng)養(yǎng)素需要量的平均值B.可滿足某一特定性別、年齡及生理狀況群體中97%～98%個(gè)體需要量的攝入水平C.相當(dāng)于傳統(tǒng)的每日膳食中營(yíng)養(yǎng)素供給量D.通過觀察或?qū)嶒?yàn)獲得的健康人群某種營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的攝入量E.平均每日攝入營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的最高限量考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：可耐受最高攝入量：指平均每日攝入營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的最高限量。2、蛋白質(zhì)的生物學(xué)價(jià)值最低的是1分A.大米B.玉米C.大豆D.魚E.雞蛋考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：蛋白質(zhì)的生物學(xué)價(jià)值是反映食物蛋白質(zhì)消化吸收后被機(jī)體利用程度的指標(biāo)。生物價(jià)值高表明食物蛋白質(zhì)中氨基酸主要用來合成人體蛋白質(zhì)。氨基酸模式是指某種蛋白質(zhì)中各種必需氨基酸的構(gòu)成比例。食物蛋白質(zhì)氨基酸模式與人體的越接近，必需氨基酸被機(jī)體利用的程度越高，食物中蛋白質(zhì)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值也就越高。雞蛋蛋白質(zhì)氨基酸模式與人體的最接近，其生物學(xué)價(jià)值最高。玉米蛋白質(zhì)中賴氨酸較低，其生物學(xué)價(jià)值最低。3、維生素A缺乏的早期癥狀是1分A.暗適應(yīng)延長(zhǎng)B.角膜潰瘍C.畢脫斑D.夜盲E.皮膚干燥考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：維生素A缺乏早期或輕微病變主要表現(xiàn)為暗適應(yīng)能力下降，如從光線明亮處到光線暗處時(shí)，需要比正常人更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能看清東西，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展可導(dǎo)致夜盲癥。4、硫化氫中毒導(dǎo)致1分A.與細(xì)胞色素氧化酶中三價(jià)鐵和谷胱苷肽結(jié)合抑制細(xì)胞呼吸酶B.與氧化型細(xì)胞色素氧化酶中的二價(jià)鐵結(jié)合，引起細(xì)胞內(nèi)窒息C.血氧飽和度增加，組織不能利用氧D.氧分壓增加，導(dǎo)致組織供氧不足E.氧的釋放和傳遞受到阻礙考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：硫化氫與細(xì)胞色素氧化酶中三價(jià)鐵和谷胱苷肽結(jié)合抑制細(xì)胞呼吸酶，一氧化碳影響血液中氧的釋放和傳遞，導(dǎo)致低氧血癥和組織缺氧。5、地方性氟中毒流行區(qū)，一般認(rèn)為氟骨癥多見的年齡段為1分A.新遷入的老年人B.新遷入的成年人C.青壯年D.學(xué)齡期兒童E.婦女考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：某社區(qū)為地方性氟中毒流行區(qū)，一般認(rèn)為氟骨癥多見的年齡段為青壯年。6、某工地食堂用餐后半小時(shí)左右，有多名工入口唇、指甲和全身皮膚出現(xiàn)發(fā)紺，并出現(xiàn)精神萎靡、頭暈、頭痛、乏力、心跳加速，有的伴有惡心、嘔吐、腹脹、煩躁不安、呼吸困難。最大可能是1分A.沙門菌中毒B.大腸桿菌腸毒素中毒C.亞硝酸鹽中毒D.四季豆中毒E.河豚魚中毒考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：口唇、指甲和全身皮膚出現(xiàn)發(fā)紺是由于亞硝酸將血中的低血紅蛋白氧化成高鐵血紅蛋白而產(chǎn)生的癥狀。7、體現(xiàn)健康觀1分A.一級(jí)預(yù)防為主B.三級(jí)預(yù)防C.強(qiáng)化社區(qū)行動(dòng)D.全世界人人享有衛(wèi)生保健E.群眾性自我保健考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：三級(jí)預(yù)防體現(xiàn)了健康觀。8、鎘污染1分A.Addison病B.痛痛病C.Bowen病D.腳氣病E.克汀病考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：痛痛病是人們長(zhǎng)期食用受鎘污染的大米、水而引起的慢性鎘中毒等。9、長(zhǎng)期食用甲基汞可以導(dǎo)致1分A.水俁病B.痛痛病C.慢性鼻炎D.腦膜炎E.肝腎綜合征考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：水俁病是人們長(zhǎng)期食用受甲基汞污染的魚貝類而引起的慢性汞中毒性疾??；痛痛病是人們長(zhǎng)期食用受鎘污染的大米、水而引起的慢性鎘中毒等；接觸粉塵作業(yè)工人的慢性鼻炎發(fā)病率增高等。10、欲對(duì)有200個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)的定量資料編制頻數(shù)分布表描述其分布特征，在分組時(shí)，其組段數(shù)宜選擇1分A.61～70B.8～15C.14～16D.130～150E.51～60考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：欲對(duì)有200個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)的定量資料編制頻數(shù)分布表描述其分布特征，在分組時(shí)，其組段數(shù)宜選擇8～15。11、屬于二次污染的是1分A.CO2B.甲基汞C.COD.SO2E.有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：由污染源直接排入環(huán)境，其物理和化學(xué)性狀都未發(fā)生改變的污染物，稱為一次污染物，如汞、SO2、可吸入顆粒物、CO、CO2等。由一次污染物造成的環(huán)境污染稱一次污染。如果一次污染物在物理、化學(xué)、生物等因素作用下發(fā)生變化，或與環(huán)境中的其他物質(zhì)發(fā)生反應(yīng)，形成物理、化學(xué)性狀與一次污染物不同的新污染物稱為二次污染物，也稱繼發(fā)性污染物，如光化學(xué)煙霧、酸雨、甲基汞等。由二次污染物造成的環(huán)境污染稱為二次污染。二次污染物對(duì)健康的危害通常比一次污染物嚴(yán)重。12、干擾鈣磷代謝的是1分A.砷B.氟C.鎂D.銅E.硫氰酸鹽考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：影響鈣磷代謝的物質(zhì)除維生素外，還有多種因素參與，其中有甲狀旁腺素、降鈣素、生長(zhǎng)激素、糖皮質(zhì)激素以及氟等微量元素。13、國(guó)際衛(wèi)生條例的傳染病范圍是1分A.可引起某個(gè)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件B.可引起病人關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件C.可引起國(guó)際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件D.可引起某個(gè)國(guó)家關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件E.可引起某個(gè)人關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：《國(guó)際衛(wèi)生條例(2005)》將傳染病的范圍從3種檢疫傳染?。S熱病、鼠疫和霍亂）擴(kuò)展為包括多種傳染病在內(nèi)的所有可能引起國(guó)際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件。14、適宜攝入量1分A.某一特定性別、年齡及生理狀況群體中個(gè)體對(duì)某營(yíng)養(yǎng)素需要量的平均值B.可滿足某一特定性別、年齡及生理狀況群體中97%～98%個(gè)體需要量的攝入水平C.相當(dāng)于傳統(tǒng)的每日膳食中營(yíng)養(yǎng)素供給量D.通過觀察或?qū)嶒?yàn)獲得的健康人群某種營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的攝入量E.平均每日攝入營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的最高限量考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：適宜攝入量：指通過觀察或?qū)嶒?yàn)獲得的健康人群對(duì)某種營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的攝入量。15、屬于刺激性氣體1分A.Cl2B.H2SC.CH4D.COE.CO2考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：刺激性氣體是一類對(duì)機(jī)體的眼、呼吸道黏膜和皮膚具有刺激作用為主的化學(xué)物。常見的有氯、氮氧化物、光氣、氧化氫、二氧化硫、三氧化硫、硫酸二甲酯等，因此Cl2是正確答案。H2S的迷惑性在于H2S氣味惡臭難聞，但并無顯著的急性和慢性的致病作用。16、孕婦對(duì)蛋白需求量最高是在1分A.孕中期B.孕3個(gè)月C.孕2個(gè)月D.孕1個(gè)月E.孕晚期考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：我國(guó)營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)學(xué)提出在孕4～6個(gè)月期間，孕婦每日增加進(jìn)食蛋白質(zhì)15克，在孕7～9個(gè)月期間，每日應(yīng)增加進(jìn)食25克。17、蛋白質(zhì)的生物學(xué)價(jià)值最高的是1分A.大米B.玉米C.大豆D.魚E.雞蛋考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：蛋白質(zhì)的生物學(xué)價(jià)值是反映食物蛋白質(zhì)消化吸收后被機(jī)體利用程度的指標(biāo)。生物價(jià)值高表明食物蛋白質(zhì)中氨基酸主要用來合成人體蛋白質(zhì)。氨基酸模式是指某種蛋白質(zhì)中各種必需氨基酸的構(gòu)成比例。食物蛋白質(zhì)氨基酸模式與人體的越接近，必需氨基酸被機(jī)體利用的程度越高，食物中蛋白質(zhì)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值也就越高。雞蛋蛋白質(zhì)氨基酸模式與人體的最接近，其生物學(xué)價(jià)值最高。玉米蛋白質(zhì)中賴氨酸較低，其生物學(xué)價(jià)值最低。18、一氧化碳中毒導(dǎo)致1分A.與細(xì)胞色素氧化酶中三價(jià)鐵和谷胱苷肽結(jié)合抑制細(xì)胞呼吸酶B.與氧化型細(xì)胞色素氧化酶中的二價(jià)鐵結(jié)合，引起細(xì)胞內(nèi)窒息C.血氧飽和度增加，組織不能利用氧D.氧分壓增加，導(dǎo)致組織供氧不足E.氧的釋放和傳遞受到阻礙考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：硫化氫與細(xì)胞色素氧化酶中三價(jià)鐵和谷胱苷肽結(jié)合抑制細(xì)胞呼吸酶，一氧化碳影響血液中氧的釋放和傳遞，導(dǎo)致低氧血癥和組織缺氧。19、在一項(xiàng)隊(duì)列研究中，非暴露組150名中15人患高血壓，暴露組200人中30人患高血壓，歸因危險(xiǎn)度為1分A.0.25B.0.55C.0.5D.0.05E.1.5考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：在一項(xiàng)隊(duì)列研究中，非暴露組150名中15人患高血壓，暴露組200人中30人患高血壓，歸因危險(xiǎn)度為0.15-0.1=0.05。20、反映均數(shù)抽樣誤差大小的指標(biāo)是1分A.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤B.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全距C.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均數(shù)D.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差E.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)變異系數(shù)考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：反映均數(shù)抽樣誤差大小的指標(biāo)是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤。21、醫(yī)療消費(fèi)是基于患者的1分A.自身健康狀況B.職位C.職業(yè)D.性別E.年齡考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：醫(yī)療消費(fèi)是基于患者的自身健康狀況，生小病則消費(fèi)少，生大病則消費(fèi)多。22、可能致肝癌的是1分A.長(zhǎng)期飲用含藻類毒素的地溝水或井水B.長(zhǎng)期接觸石棉C.人乳頭狀瘤病毒感染D.長(zhǎng)期接觸汞E.長(zhǎng)期接觸鉛考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：藻類毒素可以的導(dǎo)致肝癌。23、體現(xiàn)新公共健康精神1分A.一級(jí)預(yù)防為主B.三級(jí)預(yù)防C.強(qiáng)化社區(qū)行動(dòng)D.全世界人人享有衛(wèi)生保健E.群眾性自我保健考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：強(qiáng)化社區(qū)行動(dòng)體現(xiàn)新公共健康精神。24、促甲狀腺腫的是1分A.砷B.氟C.鎂D.銅E.硫氰酸鹽考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：目前公認(rèn)甲狀腺腫的主要原因是缺碘。除此以外促甲狀腺腫物質(zhì)還可有硫氰酸鹽類藥物，如硫氰化鉀、磺脲類藥物，食物中的木薯、甘薯、玉米、大蒜、卷心菜和核桃等。25、蛋白質(zhì)生物學(xué)價(jià)值的高低主要取決于1分A.食物蛋白質(zhì)所含氨基酸的數(shù)量B.蛋白質(zhì)的含量C.非必需氨基酸的含量D.蛋白質(zhì)真消化率E.蛋白質(zhì)所含必需氨基酸的含量和比值考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：蛋白質(zhì)生物學(xué)價(jià)值的高低主要取決于蛋白質(zhì)所含必需氨基酸的含量和比值。26、河塘里面因?yàn)楣S排放什么化學(xué)物質(zhì)而導(dǎo)致藻類繁殖致大量魚死亡1分A.氮和磷B.甲基汞中毒C.氟D.有機(jī)氯和有機(jī)磷E.鉻考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：受磷、氮污染的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水體中的藻類及其毒素，不僅破壞水的生態(tài)環(huán)境，也可通過食物鏈引起中毒或死亡。若水體受到化學(xué)物質(zhì)污染可導(dǎo)致接觸者發(fā)生慢性中毒，甚至引發(fā)公害病，有的可誘發(fā)癌癥。27、有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥生產(chǎn)或使用過程中導(dǎo)致人體中毒的主要途徑是1分A.消化道和黏膜B.皮膚C.消化道D.泌尿道E.呼吸道考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥生產(chǎn)或使用過程中，導(dǎo)致人體中毒的主要途徑是皮膚。28、WHO健康權(quán)指1分A.無關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)B.高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)C.低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)D.一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)E.有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：聯(lián)合國(guó)《經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)文化權(quán)利公約》對(duì)健康權(quán)作出的規(guī)定是： 人人享有可能達(dá)到的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的身體健康和精神健康的權(quán)力 。在1948年世界衛(wèi)生組織提出健康的定義： 健康是身體、心理和社會(huì)幸福的完好狀態(tài)，而不僅是沒有疾病和虛弱 。1986年世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)指出： 健康是日常生活的資源，而不是生活的目標(biāo)。健康是一個(gè)積極的概念，它不僅是個(gè)人身體素質(zhì)的體現(xiàn)，也是社會(huì)和個(gè)人的資源 ； 為達(dá)到心身健康和社會(huì)幸福的完美狀態(tài)，每一個(gè)人都必須有能力去認(rèn)識(shí)和實(shí)現(xiàn)這些愿望，努力滿足需求和改善環(huán)境 。29、孕婦什么時(shí)候要補(bǔ)蛋白質(zhì)1分A.孕后期B.孕10月C.孕8月D.孕中期E.孕3月考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：孕早期膳食要點(diǎn)：妊娠早期的膳食應(yīng)以清淡、易消化、口感好為主要原則。建議每日服用適量葉酸，以預(yù)防神經(jīng)管畸形的發(fā)生。為防止酮體對(duì)胎兒早期腦發(fā)育的不良影響，孕婦完全不能進(jìn)食時(shí)，也應(yīng)靜脈補(bǔ)充葡萄糖。孕中期膳食要點(diǎn)：①補(bǔ)充充足的能量；②注意鐵的補(bǔ)充；③保證充足的魚、禽、蛋、瘦肉和奶的供給。孕末期膳食要點(diǎn)：注意增加鈣的補(bǔ)充；保證適宜的體重增長(zhǎng)；保證充足的魚、禽、蛋、瘦肉和奶的供給。孕后期還要注意增加液體及富含膳食纖維的水果、蔬菜、全谷類食物的攝入以防便秘及痔瘡的發(fā)生。妊娠后半期若出現(xiàn)水腫，應(yīng)限制含鹽分多的食物。30、可能致肺癌的是1分A.長(zhǎng)期飲用含藻類毒素的地溝水或井水B.長(zhǎng)期接觸石棉C.人乳頭狀瘤病毒感染D.長(zhǎng)期接觸汞E.長(zhǎng)期接觸鉛考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：長(zhǎng)期接觸石棉可以物理刺激肺導(dǎo)致肺癌。31、某醫(yī)院收入一痢疾患者，該患者在入院時(shí)又感染了白喉?xiàng)U菌，入院后發(fā)生白喉，這屬于1分A.交叉感染B.自身感染C.醫(yī)源性感染D.帶入感染E.以上都不是考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：帶入感染是指病人入院時(shí)已處于另一種傳染病的潛伏期，入院后發(fā)病，并傳給其他病人。故此例屬于帶入感染。32、穿過皮膚或黏膜進(jìn)入無菌的組織或器官內(nèi)部的器材1分A.滅菌劑或物理、化學(xué)滅菌方法B.應(yīng)用滅菌劑或高效消毒劑C.應(yīng)用物理滅菌方法D.殺滅結(jié)核桿菌的消毒劑或中、低效消毒劑E.殺滅細(xì)菌繁殖體的消毒劑考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：穿過皮膚或黏膜進(jìn)入無菌的組織或器官內(nèi)部的器材所使用的滅菌方法一般為滅菌劑或物理、化學(xué)滅菌方法。33、鋪好的無菌盤，在無污染情況下的有效時(shí)間是1分A.2hB.4hC.6hD.12hE.24h考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：鋪好的無菌盤，在無污染情況下的有效時(shí)間是4h。34、判斷某傳染病患者是否為醫(yī)院感染引起的主要依據(jù)是1分A.傳染期B.臨床癥狀期C.病程D.檢查結(jié)果E.潛伏期考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：醫(yī)院感染是指住院病人在醫(yī)院內(nèi)獲得的感染，包括在住院期間發(fā)生的感染和在醫(yī)院內(nèi)獲得出院后發(fā)生的感染，但不包括入院前已開始或者入院時(shí)已處于潛伏期的感染。故判斷某傳染病患者是否為醫(yī)院感染引起的主要依據(jù)是潛伏期。35、Ⅲ類區(qū)域工作人員衛(wèi)生手及物體表面的合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為1分A.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 5cfu/cm2，未檢出致病菌B.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 10cfu/cm2，未檢出致病菌C.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 15cfu/cm2，未檢出致病菌D.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 20cfu/cm2，未檢出致病菌E.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 25cfu/cm2，未檢出致病菌考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：Ⅲ類區(qū)域工作人員衛(wèi)生手及物體表面的合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為細(xì)菌總數(shù) 10cfu/cm2，未檢出致病菌。36、取無菌溶液時(shí)，先倒去少量溶液的目的是1分A.檢查瓶口是否有裂縫B.檢查液體是否清亮C.沖洗瓶口D.練習(xí)操作，以便從原處倒出E.減少瓶?jī)?nèi)溶液考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：取無菌溶液時(shí)，先倒去少量溶液的目的是沖洗瓶口，以防止有雜菌污染。37、下列哪項(xiàng)違反了隔離原則1分A.斑疹傷寒患者須更衣后才可入病房B.只要做好床邊隔離，不同的呼吸道傳染病患者可同住一室C.嚴(yán)密隔離患者禁止走出病室D.給同一種病種患者測(cè)血壓時(shí)可不換血壓計(jì)E.護(hù)理消化道隔離病人時(shí)，須按病種分別穿隔離衣考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：隔離原則有斑疹傷寒患者須更衣后才可入病房，嚴(yán)密隔離患者禁止走出病室，嚴(yán)密隔離患者禁止走出病室，護(hù)理消化道隔離病人時(shí)，須按病種分別穿隔離衣等。38、B-D試驗(yàn)合格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是1分A.指示圖各部位顏色變化為深黑色B.指示圖各部位顏色變化深淺一致均勻C.指示圖各部位顏色變化為淺灰色D.指示圖各部位顏色變化由深變淺E.指示圖各部位顏色變化大致均勻考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：Bowie-Dick測(cè)試是用來評(píng)估單次深真空滅菌器也叫高真空滅菌器的真空過程。它是一個(gè)滅菌器真空系統(tǒng)的診斷試驗(yàn)。B-D試驗(yàn)合格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是指示圖各部位顏色變化深淺一致均勻。39、用紫外線燈做空氣消毒時(shí)，照射時(shí)間不少于1分A.15minB.20minC.25minD.30minE.35min考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：用紫外線燈做空氣消毒時(shí)，照射時(shí)間應(yīng)不少于30min。40、穿脫隔離衣時(shí)要避免污染1分A.腰帶以下部分B.腰帶以上部分C.袖子后面D.胸前、背后E.衣領(lǐng)考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：穿脫隔離衣時(shí)要避免污染衣領(lǐng)。41、Ⅰ類、Ⅱ類區(qū)域工作人員衛(wèi)生手及物體表面的合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為1分A.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 5cfu/cm2，未檢出致病菌B.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 10cfu/cm2，未檢出致病菌C.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 15cfu/cm2，未檢出致病菌D.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 20cfu/cm2，未檢出致病菌E.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 25cfu/cm2，未檢出致病菌考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：Ⅰ類、Ⅱ類區(qū)域工作人員衛(wèi)生手及物體表面的合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為細(xì)菌總數(shù) 5cfu/cm2，未檢出致病菌。42、浸泡無菌持物鉗的容器應(yīng)是1分A.大口容器，底部墊紗布B.大口容器，盛用消毒液C.大口容器，盛用消毒液，底部墊紗布D.大口容器，盛用消毒液，底部墊無菌紗布E.盛用消毒液，底部墊無菌紗布考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：浸泡無菌持物鉗的容器應(yīng)是大口容器，盛用消毒液。43、腎移植患者應(yīng)采取1分A.嚴(yán)密隔離B.保護(hù)性隔離C.呼吸道隔離D.接觸隔離E.消化道隔離考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：保護(hù)性隔離也稱反向隔離，適用于抵抗力低或極易感染的病人，如嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?、早產(chǎn)兒、白血病、臟器移植及免疫缺陷病人等。故腎移植患者應(yīng)采取保護(hù)性隔離。44、下列哪項(xiàng)不是醫(yī)院感染的特點(diǎn)1分A.易感人群抵抗力低，病死率高B.醫(yī)院中病原體來源廣泛C.醫(yī)院中流行的菌株大多為多重耐藥性D.在醫(yī)院內(nèi)一旦發(fā)生感染很容易播散E.在醫(yī)院感染中人群的病死率很低考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：醫(yī)院感染的特點(diǎn)有易感人群抵抗力低，病死率高；醫(yī)院中病原體來源廣泛；醫(yī)院中流行的菌株大多為多重耐藥性；在醫(yī)院內(nèi)一旦發(fā)生感染很容易播散等。45、和破損皮膚、黏膜相接觸，而不進(jìn)入無菌的組織內(nèi)的器材1分A.滅菌劑或物理、化學(xué)滅菌方法B.應(yīng)用滅菌劑或高效消毒劑C.應(yīng)用物理滅菌方法D.殺滅結(jié)核桿菌的消毒劑或中、低效消毒劑E.殺滅細(xì)菌繁殖體的消毒劑考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：和破損皮膚、黏膜相接觸，而不進(jìn)入無菌的組織內(nèi)的器材時(shí)應(yīng)用滅菌劑或高效消毒劑進(jìn)行消毒。46、使用紫外線照射消毒，關(guān)燈后至再使用前須間隔1分A.1～2minB.3～4minC.5～6minD.7～8minE.9～10min考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：使用紫外線照射消毒，關(guān)燈后至再使用前須間隔3～4min。47、乙型腦炎主要傳播媒介是1分A.虱B.蚊C.鼠D.螨E.蚤考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：乙型腦炎主要傳播媒介是蚊。48、用紫外線燈做空氣消毒時(shí)有效距離為1分A. 2mB. 2.5mC. 3mD. 3.5mE. 4m考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：因紫外線的有效殺菌波長(zhǎng)為UV-C，但是紫外線的穿透力很弱，如果距離長(zhǎng)，達(dá)不到完全消毒的效果，故用紫外線燈做空氣消毒時(shí)有效距離為 2m。49、無菌區(qū)的定義是1分A.經(jīng)過滅菌處理的區(qū)域B.經(jīng)過滅菌未被污染的區(qū)域C.未經(jīng)滅菌處理的區(qū)域D.滅菌處理后被污染的區(qū)域E.不使已滅菌的物品再污染并保持滅菌考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：無菌區(qū)的定義是經(jīng)過滅菌未被污染的區(qū)域。50、取無菌紗布的正確方法是1分A.用消毒的手指拿取紗布B.戴手套拿取紗布C.用無菌持物鉗夾取紗布D.用滅菌換藥鑷子夾取紗布E.以上都不是考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：取無菌紗布的正確方法是用無菌持物鉗夾取紗布。51、醫(yī)院感染最重要的傳染來源是1分A.各種病人B.病原攜帶者C.動(dòng)物D.血液制品E.食品考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：醫(yī)院感染最重要的傳染來源是各種病人。52、目前引起下呼吸道醫(yī)院感染最主要的病原體是1分A.鏈球菌B.表皮葡萄球菌C.金黃色葡萄球菌D.銅綠假單胞菌E.卡他球菌考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：目前引起下呼吸道醫(yī)院感染最主要的病原體是銅綠假單胞菌（33.3%），其次為金黃色葡萄球菌。53、Ⅰ類區(qū)域空氣消毒合格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是1分A.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 10cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌B.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 200cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌C.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 300cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌D.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 400cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌E.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 500cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：Ⅰ類區(qū)域空氣消毒合格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是細(xì)菌總數(shù) 10cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌。54、給傳染病患者發(fā)藥，下述哪一項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的1分A.將備好的藥及水壺放在治療車上B.車下層放盆，內(nèi)盛消毒液C.協(xié)助同一病種的患者服藥后，再給另一病種患者喂藥D.用過的藥杯放在消毒液內(nèi)浸泡E.全病區(qū)發(fā)藥完畢，按常規(guī)消毒藥杯考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：給傳染病患者發(fā)藥時(shí)將備好的藥及水壺放在治療車上，將備好的藥及水壺放在治療車上，用過的藥杯放在消毒液內(nèi)浸泡，全病區(qū)發(fā)藥完畢，按常規(guī)消毒藥杯。55、下列哪種是最重要的醫(yī)院感染的傳播媒介1分A.衣物B.飲水C.手D.醫(yī)療器械E.食品考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：醫(yī)生等人的手由于工作關(guān)系經(jīng)常可能接觸病人的傳染性物質(zhì)及其污染的物品，很容易再將病原體傳給其他病人或醫(yī)護(hù)人員。醫(yī)院內(nèi)醫(yī)護(hù)人員手及病室內(nèi)物品的污染率很高。故手是最重要的醫(yī)院感染的傳播媒介。56、Ⅱ類區(qū)域空氣消毒合格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是1分A.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 10cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌B.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 200cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌C.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 300cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌D.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 400cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌E.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 500cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：Ⅱ類區(qū)域空氣消毒合格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是細(xì)菌總數(shù) 200cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌。57、下列隔離操作中哪項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的1分A.用過的體溫表放于消毒液中B.測(cè)脈搏時(shí)持手表放入塑料袋內(nèi)C.操作過程中應(yīng)用手扶好露出鼻部的口罩D.用避污紙打開床旁桌上的瓶塞灌開水E.用避污紙取回病人用過的藥杯考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：隔離操作中需將用過的體溫表放于消毒液中，測(cè)脈搏時(shí)持手表放入塑料袋內(nèi)，用避污紙打開床旁桌上的瓶塞灌開水，用避污紙取回病人用過的藥杯等。58、醫(yī)院感染最常發(fā)生的疾病是1分A.腸道傳染病B.呼吸道傳染病C.表皮傳染病D.泌尿道感染E.外傷感染考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：醫(yī)院感染最常發(fā)生的疾病是呼吸道傳染病。因?yàn)獒t(yī)院獲得性肺炎起病隱匿，臨床表現(xiàn)不典型，尤以老年人為甚。59、僅直接或間接地和健康無損的皮膚相接觸的物品可選擇1分A.滅菌劑或物理、化學(xué)滅菌方法B.應(yīng)用滅菌劑或高效消毒劑C.應(yīng)用物理滅菌方法D.殺滅結(jié)核桿菌的消毒劑或中、低效消毒劑E.殺滅細(xì)菌繁殖體的消毒劑考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：僅直接或間接地和健康無損的皮膚相接觸的物品可選擇殺滅結(jié)核桿菌的消毒劑或中、低效消毒劑進(jìn)行消毒。60、下列無菌技術(shù)哪項(xiàng)操作是錯(cuò)誤的1分A.治療室濕式清掃，每日紫外線照射一次B.衣帽要整潔，口罩遮住口鼻，修剪指甲，洗手C.無菌物品與非無菌物品應(yīng)分別放置D.一份無菌物品僅供一個(gè)病人使用E.浸泡液應(yīng)浸沒持物鉗的2/3左右考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：無菌技術(shù)中治療室濕式清掃，每日紫外線照射一次；衣帽要整潔，口罩遮住口鼻，修剪指甲，洗手；無菌物品與非無菌物品應(yīng)分別放置；一份無菌物品僅供一個(gè)病人使用；浸泡液應(yīng)完全浸沒持物鉗。61、霍亂病人應(yīng)采取1分A.呼吸道隔離B.消化道隔離C.接觸隔離D.嚴(yán)密隔離E.保護(hù)性隔離考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：霍亂是一種烈性腸道傳染病，兩種甲類傳染病之一，由霍亂弧菌污染水和食物而引起傳播。嚴(yán)重者可因休克、尿毒癥或酸中毒而死亡。在醫(yī)療水平低下和治療措施不力的情況下，病死率甚高。故霍亂病人應(yīng)采取嚴(yán)密隔離。62、醫(yī)源性感染1分A.病人與醫(yī)生及其他病人通過直接或間接傳播引起的感染B.病原體來源于病人本身的感染C.病人入院時(shí)已處于另一種傳染病的潛伏期，入院后發(fā)病，并傳給其他病人D.在診療過程中，由于器械消毒不嚴(yán)或制劑不純引起的感染E.病人在家中已發(fā)生的感染考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：醫(yī)源性感染是在診療過程中，由于器械消毒不嚴(yán)或制劑不純引起的感染。63、隔離衣一般情況下更換時(shí)間是1分A.6hB.12hC.24hD.48hE.72h考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：隔離衣一般情況下更換時(shí)間是24h。64、傷寒病人應(yīng)采取1分A.呼吸道隔離B.消化道隔離C.接觸隔離D.嚴(yán)密隔離E.保護(hù)性隔離考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：傷寒是由傷寒桿菌引起的急性消化道傳染病。故傷寒病人應(yīng)采取消化道隔離。65、須現(xiàn)配現(xiàn)用的消毒劑是1分A.乙醇B.甲醛C.純?nèi)樗酓.苯扎溴銨E.過氧乙酸考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：過氧乙酸溶于水、醇、醚、硫酸。屬?gòu)?qiáng)氧化劑，極不穩(wěn)定。在-20℃也會(huì)爆炸，濃度大于45％就有爆炸性，遇高熱、還原劑或有金屬離子存在就會(huì)引起爆炸。故過氧乙酸須現(xiàn)配現(xiàn)用。66、為陽(yáng)離子表面活性劑，對(duì)陰離子表面活性劑有拮抗作用的是1分A.乙醇B.甲醛C.純?nèi)樗酓.苯扎溴銨E.過氧乙酸考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：苯扎溴銨具有典型陽(yáng)離子表面活性劑的性質(zhì)，水溶液攪拌時(shí)能產(chǎn)生大量泡沫。性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定，耐光，耐熱，無揮發(fā)性，可長(zhǎng)期存放，為陽(yáng)離子表面活性劑，對(duì)陰離子表面活性劑有拮抗作用。67、醫(yī)院感染的含義是1分A.病人在住院期間發(fā)生的感染B.所有發(fā)生在醫(yī)院內(nèi)的細(xì)菌感染C.醫(yī)院內(nèi)病人直接或間接傳播引起的感染D.因醫(yī)療器械消毒不嚴(yán)造成的感染E.病人在住院期間或醫(yī)院職工在護(hù)理或治療患者過程中發(fā)生的感染考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：醫(yī)院感染的含義是病人在住院期間或醫(yī)院職工在護(hù)理或治療患者過程中發(fā)生的感染。68、巴氏消毒常用消毒指標(biāo)是1分A.消毒溫度為85～95℃，作用時(shí)間10～15minB.消毒溫度為45～55℃，作用時(shí)間20～25minC.消毒溫度為65～75℃，作用時(shí)間5～8minD.消毒溫度為65～75℃，作用時(shí)間10～15minE.消毒溫度為70～80℃，作用時(shí)間5～8min考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：巴氏消毒法是利用熱力殺死液體中的病原菌或一般的雜菌，同時(shí)不致嚴(yán)重?fù)p害其質(zhì)量的消耗方法。巴氏消毒常用消毒指標(biāo)是消毒溫度為65～75℃，作用時(shí)間5～8min。69、傳染病院應(yīng)設(shè)置在1分A.水源充足的地方B.靠近綜合性醫(yī)院C.遠(yuǎn)離公共場(chǎng)所D.城市中心E.交通便利的地方考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：傳染病院應(yīng)設(shè)置在遠(yuǎn)離公共場(chǎng)所的地方，以防止疾病在人群中傳播。70、傳染病房使用口罩下述哪項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的1分A.口罩必須遮住口鼻B.不可用污染手觸碰口罩C.不用時(shí)不能掛在胸前D.口罩潮濕應(yīng)立即更換E.護(hù)理嚴(yán)密隔離患者后，口罩污染面向內(nèi)折疊，放置備用考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：傳染病房使用口罩時(shí)口罩必須遮住口鼻，不可用污染手觸碰口罩，不用時(shí)不能掛在胸前，口罩潮濕應(yīng)立即更換等。71、Ⅲ類區(qū)域空氣消毒合格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是1分A.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 10cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌B.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 200cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌C.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 300cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌D.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 400cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌E.細(xì)菌總數(shù) 500cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：Ⅲ類區(qū)域空氣消毒合格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是細(xì)菌總數(shù) 500cfu/m3，未檢出致病菌。72、煮沸消毒滅菌時(shí)，錯(cuò)誤的操作是1分A.物品完全浸沒在水中B.大小相同的盆應(yīng)重疊C.有軸節(jié)的器械宜打開D.玻璃類用紗布包好E.煮沸過程中再加物品，應(yīng)在第二次水沸后重新計(jì)時(shí)考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：煮沸消毒滅菌時(shí)物品完全浸沒在水中，大小相同的盆要分開，有軸節(jié)的器械宜打開，玻璃類用紗布包好，煮沸過程中再加物品，應(yīng)在第二次水沸后重新計(jì)時(shí)等。73、取無菌溶液時(shí)，下列哪項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的1分A.用前核對(duì)瓶簽B.檢查藥液有否沉淀C.保持瓶蓋內(nèi)側(cè)面無菌D.倒溶液時(shí)可不顧及瓶簽的朝向E.用后立即蓋上考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：取無菌溶液時(shí)用前核對(duì)瓶簽，檢查藥液有否沉淀，保持瓶蓋內(nèi)側(cè)面無菌，倒溶液時(shí)瓶簽向掌面，用后立即蓋上等。74、用平車護(hù)送傷寒患者攝片，正確的方法是1分A.患者更換清潔衣褲后，臥于平車上B.協(xié)助患者直接臥于平車上C.將患者床單鋪在平車上，協(xié)助其臥上D.鋪清潔大單于平車上，協(xié)助其臥上E.協(xié)助患者臥于平車上后，再蓋上一條清潔大單考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：用平車護(hù)送傷寒患者攝片，正確的方法是鋪清潔大單于平車上，協(xié)助其臥上。75、使用無菌持物鉗的方法哪項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的1分A.取、放鉗時(shí)鉗端須閉合B.使用時(shí)鉗端朝下，不得反轉(zhuǎn)向上C.不可夾取油紗布D.到遠(yuǎn)處夾取物品后立即放回原處E.每一容器只能放一把鉗子考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：使用無菌持物鉗的方法為取、放鉗時(shí)鉗端須閉合；使用時(shí)鉗端朝下，不得反轉(zhuǎn)向上；不可夾取油紗布；每一容器只能放一把鉗子等。76、無菌盤鋪好后有效期不超過1分A.2hB.4hC.8hD.12hE.16h考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：無菌盤鋪好后有效期不能超過4h。77、屬污染區(qū)的區(qū)域是1分A.走廊B.化驗(yàn)室C.浴室D.更衣室E.庫(kù)房考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：屬于污染區(qū)的區(qū)域是浴室。78、醫(yī)院感染的傳播途徑一般不包括1分A.經(jīng)空氣傳播B.經(jīng)土壤傳播C.經(jīng)接觸傳播D.經(jīng)共同媒介物傳播E.經(jīng)生物媒介傳播考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：醫(yī)院感染的傳播途徑一般有經(jīng)空氣傳播，經(jīng)接觸傳播，經(jīng)共同媒介物傳播，經(jīng)生物媒介傳播。79、衡量醫(yī)院感染的常用指標(biāo)不包括1分A.發(fā)病率B.患病率C.漏報(bào)率D.時(shí)點(diǎn)患病率E.比值比考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：衡量醫(yī)院感染的常用指標(biāo)有發(fā)病率，患病率，漏報(bào)率，時(shí)點(diǎn)患病率等。80、紫外線輻射強(qiáng)度為多少時(shí)更換紫外線燈管1分A. 70 W/cm2B. 70 W/cm2C. 70 W/cm2D. 70 W/cm2E.=70 W/cm2考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：在紫外線輻射強(qiáng)度 70 W/cm2時(shí)需更換紫外線燈管。81、屬半污染區(qū)的區(qū)域是1分A.走廊及病區(qū)化驗(yàn)室B.治療室、值班室C.浴室、洗滌間D.病室及廁所E.配餐室與更衣室考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：屬半污染區(qū)的區(qū)域是走廊及病區(qū)化驗(yàn)室。82、破傷風(fēng)患者須執(zhí)行1分A.床邊隔離B.嚴(yán)密隔離C.接觸隔離D.保護(hù)性隔離E.昆蟲隔離考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：破傷風(fēng)桿菌及其毒素不能侵入正常的皮膚和粘膜，故破傷風(fēng)都發(fā)生在傷后。一切開放性損傷，均有發(fā)生破傷風(fēng)的可能。所以破傷風(fēng)患者須執(zhí)行接觸隔離。83、發(fā)生醫(yī)院感染時(shí)，停止收容新病人的時(shí)間是1分A.該病最長(zhǎng)潛伏期過去B.該病最短潛伏期過去C.該病平均潛伏期過去D.該病常見潛伏期過去E.觀察一段時(shí)間沒有新病人發(fā)生考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：發(fā)生醫(yī)院感染時(shí)，為防止院內(nèi)感染等情況停止收容新病人的時(shí)間是該病最長(zhǎng)潛伏期過去。84、醫(yī)院感染發(fā)生的原因不包括1分A.交叉感染B.條件致病菌感染C.使用昂貴儀器檢查D.不合理使用抗生素E.醫(yī)院管理不當(dāng)考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：醫(yī)院感染發(fā)生的原因有交叉感染，條件致病菌感染，不合理使用抗生素，醫(yī)院管理不當(dāng)?shù)取?5、測(cè)定壓力蒸汽滅菌效果的指示菌是1分A.白色念珠菌(ATCC10231)B.金黃色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)C.枯草桿菌黑色變種(ATCC9372)D.嗜熱脂肪桿菌芽胞(ATCC9753)E.大腸桿菌(8099)考生答案：正確答案：D試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：測(cè)定壓力蒸汽滅菌效果的指示菌是嗜熱脂肪桿菌芽胞(ATCC9753)。86、避污紙的正確使用方法為1分A.污染的手取避污紙可掀頁(yè)撕取B.清潔手取避污紙需他人傳遞C.從頁(yè)面抓取D.掀開頁(yè)面抓取第一頁(yè)E.隨便撕取考生答案：正確答案：C試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：避污紙的正確使用方法為從頁(yè)面抓取。87、無菌治療巾打開后，未用完其繼續(xù)使用的有效時(shí)間是1分A.2hB.4hC.6hD.12hE.24h考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：無菌治療巾打開后，未用完其繼續(xù)使用的有效時(shí)間是24h。88、接觸傳染病患者后隔離衣應(yīng)放在1分A.走廊，清潔面向外B.走廊，清潔面向內(nèi)C.病室，清潔面向外D.治療區(qū)，清潔面向外E.辦公室，清潔面向外考生答案：正確答案：A試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：接觸傳染病患者后隔離衣應(yīng)放在走廊，清潔面向外，以防止醫(yī)院感染。89、一般病室、辦公室、治療室、換藥室、走廊等使用的拖把1分A.拖把應(yīng)有明顯的標(biāo)記，嚴(yán)格分區(qū)使用B.每次使用后清水沖洗，懸掛晾干備用C.先用1000mg/L有效氯消毒劑適量倒在污染地面30min后，用拖把拖干凈D.拖把用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min后，再洗干凈，晾干備用E.應(yīng)先消毒，用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min，再用水洗干凈，然后用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min，懸掛晾干備用考生答案：正確答案：B試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：一般病室、辦公室、治療室、換藥室、走廊等使用的拖把每次使用后清水沖洗，懸掛晾干備用。90、傳染病區(qū)使用的拖把1分A.拖把應(yīng)有明顯的標(biāo)記，嚴(yán)格分區(qū)使用B.每次使用后清水沖洗，懸掛晾干備用C.先用1000mg/L有效氯消毒劑適量倒在污染地面30min后，用拖把拖干凈D.拖把用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min后，再洗干凈，晾干備用E.應(yīng)先消毒，用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min，再用水洗干凈，然后用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min，懸掛晾干備用考生答案：正確答案：E試題分?jǐn)?shù)：1分考生得分：0答案解析：傳染病區(qū)使用的拖把應(yīng)先消毒，用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min，再用水洗干凈，然后用500mg/L有效氯消毒液浸泡30min，懸掛晾干備用。關(guān)閉

解放軍文職招聘考試2010年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽力真題(試題+原文+答案)-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育

解放軍文職招聘考試2010年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽力真題(試題+原文+答案)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-06-18 17:51:492010年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽力真題(試題+原文+答案)一、聽力試題Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A（對(duì)話部分）[A] The man should visit the museums.[B] She can t stand the hot weather.[C] The beach resort is a good[D] She enjoys staying in Washington.[A] Her new responsibilities in the company.[B] What her job prospects are.[C] What the customers feedback is.[D] The director s opinion of her work.[A] Combine her training with dieting.[B] Repeat the training every three days.[C] Avoid excessive physical training.[D] Include weightlifting in the program.[A] When she will return home.[B] Whether she can go by herself.[C] Whether she can travel by air.[D] When she will completely recover.[A] The woman knows how to deal with the police.[B] The woman had been fined many times before.[C] The woman had violated traffic regulations.[D] The woman is good at finding excuses.[A] Switch off the refrigerator for a while.[B] Have someone repair the refrigerator.[C] Ask the man to fix the refrigerator.[D] Buy a refrigerator of better quality.[A] He owns a piece of land in the downtown area.[B] He has got enough money to buy a house.[C] He can finally do what he has dreamed of.[D] He is moving into a bigger apartment.[A] She is black and blue all over.[B] She has to go to see a doctor.[C] She stayed away from work for a few days.[D] She got hurt in an accident yesterday.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.[A] She was a bank manager.[B] She was a victim of the robbery.[C] She was a defence lawyer.[D] She was a witness to the crime.[A] A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.[B] A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face.[C] A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater.[D] A medium-sized young man carrying a gun.[A] Identify the suspect from pictures.[B] Go upstairs to sign some document.[C] Have her photo taken for their files.[D] Verify the record of what she had said.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.[A] By reading a newspaper ad.[B] By seeing a commercial on TV.[C] By listening to the morning news.[D] By calling an employment service.[A] She could improve her foreign languages.[B] She could work close to her family.[C] She could travel overseas frequently.[D] She could use her previous experiences.[A] Taking management courses. [C] Working as a secretary.[B] Teaching English at a university.[C] Working as a secretary.[D] Studying for a degree in French.[A] Prepare for an interview in a couple of days.[B] Read the advertisement again for more details.[C] Send in a written application as soon as possible.[D] Get to know the candidates on the short list.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.[A] They cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke.[B] They do not realize the danger they are in.[C] They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise.[D] They mistake the firefighters for monsters.[A] He travels all over America to help put out fires.[B] He often teaches children what to do during a fire.[C] He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community.[D] He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge.[A] He saved the life of his brother choking on food.[B] He rescued a student from a big fire.[C] He is very good at public speaking.[D] He gives informative talks to young children.[A] Firefighters play an important role in America.[B] Kids should learn not to be afraid of monsters.[C] Carelessness can result in tragedies.[D] Informative speeches can save lives.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.[A] To satisfy the needs of their family.[B] To fully realize their potential.[C] To make money for early retirement.[D] To gain a sense of their personal worth.[A] They may have to continue to work in old age.[B] They may regret the time they wasted.[C] They may have nobody to depend on in the future.[D] They may have fewer job opportunities.[A] Making wise use of your time.[B] Enjoying yourself while you can.[C] Saving as much as you can.[D] Working hard and playing hard.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.[A] Hardworking students being accused of cheating.[B] Boy students being often treated as law-breakers.[C] Innocent people being suspected groundlessly.[D] Junior employees being made to work overtime.[A] Forbidding students to take food out of the restaurant.[B] Requesting customers to pay before taking the food.[C] Asking customers to leave their bags on the counters.[D] Allowing only two students to enter at a time.[A] He was taken to the manager.[B] He was closely watched.[C] He was asked to leave.[D] He was overcharged.Section CWriting keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to (36) _____________ our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and (37) _____________their heritage (傳統(tǒng)). With computers and Internet connections in so many (38) _____________, colleges, business, people e-mailing friends and relatives all the time or talking to them in writing in online (39) _____________ rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more (40) _____________ than waiting until Sunday for the telephone (41) _____________ to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to (42) _____________ and discuss their classroom assignments and to (43) _____________ them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate (合作) on homework. (44) __________________________________________________.Despite the growing importance of computers, however, there will always be a place and need for the personal letter. (45) ____________________________________. No matter what the content of the message, its real point is, I want you to know that I care about you. (46) ____________________________, but only in the success of human relationships. .(原文與答案請(qǐng)往下拉)三、聽力原文Section A短對(duì)話 (11~18)M: Oh my god! The heat is simply unbearable here. I wish we ve gone to the beach instead.W: Well, with the museums and restaurants in Washington I ll be happy here no matter what the temperature.Q：What does the woman mean?M: How s the new job going?W: Well, I m learning a lot of new things, but I wish the director would give me some feedback.Q：What does the woman want to know?M: Can you help me work out a physical training program John?W: Sure, but whatever you do be careful not to overdo it. Last time I had two weeks worth of weight-lifting in three days and I hurt myself.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?M: I have an elderly mother and I m worried about her going on a plane. Is there any risk?W: Not if her heart is all right. If she has a heart condition, I d recommend against it.Q: What does the man want to know about his mother?M: Why didn t you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads?W: Sorry, I was just a bit absent-minded. Anyway, do I have to pay a fine?Q: what do we learn from the conversation?M: I m no expert, but that noise in your refrigerator doesn t sound right. Maybe you should have it fixed.W: You re right. And I suppose I ve put it off long enough.Q: What will the woman probably do?M: I did extremely well on the sale of my downtown apartment. Now, I have enough money to buy that piece of land I ve had my eye on and build a house on it.W: Congratulations！Does that mean you ll be moving soon?Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?W: My hand still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday. I wonder if I broke something.M: I m no doctor, but it s not black and blue or anything. Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days.Q: what do we learn about the woman from the conversation?長(zhǎng)對(duì)話 （19~21）M: Mrs. Dawson, thanks very much for coming down to the station. I just like to go over some of the things that you told police officer Parmer at the bank.W: All right.M: Well, could you describe the man who robbed the bank for this report that we re filling out here? Now, anything at all that you can remember would be extremely helpful to us.W: Well, just, I can only remember basically what I said before.M: That s all right.W: The man was tall, six foot, and he had dark hair, and he had moustache.M: Very good. All right, did he have any other distinguishing marks?W: Um, no, none that I can remember.M: Do you remember how old he was by any chance?W: Well, I guess around 30, maybe younger, give or take a few years.M: Mm, all right. Do you remember anything about what he was wearing?W: Yes, yes, he had on a dark sweater, a solid color.M: OK. Um, anything else that strikes you at the moment?W: I remember he was wearing a light shirt under the sweater. Yes, yes.M: All right. Mrs. Dawson, I really appreciate what you ve been through today. I m just going to ask you to look at some photographs before you leave if you don t mind. It won t take very long. Can you do that for me?W: Oh, of course.M: Would you like to step this way with me, please?W: OK, sure.M: Thank you.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What do we learn about the woman?20. What did the suspect look like?21. What did the man finally asked the woman to do?長(zhǎng)對(duì)話 （22~25）W: Good morning, I m calling about the job that was in the paper last night.M: Well, could you tell me your name?W: Candider Forsett.M: Oh yes. What exactly is it that interests you about the job?W: Well, I thought it was just right for me.M: Really? Um Could you tell me a little about yourself?W: Yes. I m 23. I ve been working abroad.M: Where exactly have you been working?W: In Geneva.M: Oh, Geneva. And what were you doing there?W: Secretarial work. Previous to that, I was at university.M: Which university was that?W: The University of Manchester. I ve got a degree in English.M: You said you ve been working in Geneva. Do you have any special reason for wanting to come back?W: I thought it would be nice to be near to the family.M: I see, and how do you see yourself developing in this job?W: Well, I m ambitious. I do hope that my career as a secretary will lead me eventually into management.M: I see. You have foreign languages?W: French and Italian.M: Well, I think the best thing for you to do is do reply a writing to the advertisement.W: Can t I arrange for an interview now?M: Well, I m afraid we must wait until all the applications are in, in writing, and we ll then decide on the short list. If you are on the short list, of course we should see you.W: Oh, I see.M: I look forward to receiving your application in writing in a day or two.W: Oh, yes, yes, certainly.M: Ok, thank you very much. Goodbye.W: Thank you. Goodbye.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. How did the woman get to know about the job vacancy?23. Why did the woman find the job appealing?24. What had the woman been doing in Geneva?25. What was the woman asked to do in the end?Section BPassage OneOne of the greatest heartbreaks for fire fighters occurs when they fail to rescue a child from a burning building because the child, frightened by smoke and noise, hides under a bed or in a closet and is later found dead. Saddest of all is when children catch a glimpse of the masked fire fighter but hide because they think they have seen a monster. To prevent such tragedies, fire fighter Eric Velez gives talks to children in his community, explaining that they should never hide during a fire. He displays fire fighters equipment, including the oxygen mask, which he encourages his listeners to play with and put on. If you see us, Velez tells them, don t hide! We are not monsters. We have come to rescue you. Velez gives his presentations in English and Spanish. Growing up in San Francisco, he learnt Spanish from his immigrant parents. Velez and other fire fighters throughout North America, who give similar presentations, will never know how many lives they save through their talks. But it s a fact that informative speaking saves lives. For example, several months after listening to an informative speech, Pete Gentry in North Carolina rescued his brother who is choking on food, by using the method taught by student speaker, Julie Paris. In addition to saving lives, informative speakers help people learn new skills, solve problems and acquire fascinating facts about the exciting world in which they live.26 Why do some children trapped in a burning building hide from masked fire fighters?27 What does the passage tell us about fire fighter Eric Velez?28 What do we learn about Pete Gentry?29 What message is the speaker trying to convey?Passage TwoSome people want to make and save a lot of money in order to retire early. I see people pursuing higher paying and increasingly demanding careers to accomplish this goal. They make many personal sacrifices in exchange for income today. The problem is that tomorrow might not come. Even if it all goes according to plan, will you know how to be happy when you are not working if you spend your entire life making money? More importantly, who will be around for you to share your leisure time with? At the other extreme are people who live only for today. Why bother saving when I might not be here tomorrow, they argue. The danger of this approach is that tomorrow may come after all. And most people don t want to spend all their tomorrows working for a living. The earlier neglect of saving, however, makes it difficult not to work when you are older. You maybe surprise to hear me say that if you must pick an extreme I think it s better to pick the spend-all approach. As long as you don t mind continuing to work, assuming your health allows, you should be OK. At least, you are making use of your money, and hopefully deriving value and pleasure from it. Postponing doing what you love and being with people you love until retirement can be a mistake. It may never come. Retirement can be a great time for some people. For others, it is a time of boredom, loneliness and poor health.30 Why do some people pursue higher paying but demanding careers?31 What is the danger facing people who live only for today?32 What does the speaker seem to advocate?Passage ThreeImagine that someone in your neighborhood broke the law, and the judge put the whole neighborhood under suspicion. How fair will that be? Well, it happens everyday to high schoolers. Just because some students have stolen things in shops, all of us are treated like thieves. Even though I d never steal.Store employees looked at me like I m some kind of hardened criminal. For example, during one lunch period, my friend Denny and I went to the Graben Gore Restaurant to have a hot dog. We arrived to find a line of students waiting outside. A new sign in the window told the story. No more than two students at a time . After 15 minutes, we finally got in. But the store manger laid the evil eye on us. I asked him about the new sign, and he said, You kids are stealing too much stuff. You kids? Too much stuff? We were not only assumed to be thieves, but brilliant, greedy thieves. The most annoying thing though, is the way employees watched my friends and me. It s horrible.Once, at a drug store, I was looking around and found a guy standing on a large box, stocking the shelves. He was watching my hands, more than he was watching his own. I showed him that my hands were empty. He got down off his box and rushed off, as if he was going to get the store manger. How crazy is that!33. What does the speaker find to be unfair?34. What measure did the Graben Gore Restaurant take to stop stealing?35. What happened in a drug store that greatly annoyed the speaker?Section CWriting keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to preserve our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and appreciate their heritage. With computers and Internet connections in so many households, colleges, and businesses, people are e-mailing friends and relatives all the time or talking to them in writing in online chat rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more convenient than waiting until Sunday for the telephone rates to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to receive and discuss their classroom assignments and to submit them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate on homework. They are also sharing information about concerts and sports events, as well as jokes and their philosophies of life.Despite the growing importance of computers, however, there will always be a place and need for the personal letter. A hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts. No matter what the content of the message, its real point is, I want you to know that I care about you. This writing practice brings rewards that can t be seen in bank accounts, but only in the success of human relationships.四、聽力答案每天15分鐘英語(yǔ)聽力ID：shrj520小伙伴關(guān)注了之后，聽力變成送分題▲微信掃描以上二維碼Section A短對(duì)話（11~18）答案及解析：11. 答案：D解析：Woman最后說到I ll be happy here no matter what the temperature. 這表明了她待在這里很愉快，很享受待在華盛頓，故選D。12. 答案：D解析：Woman說到but I wish the director would give me some feedback. 這表明了她希望得到director的意見（即反饋），故選D。13.答案：C解析：Man以自己上次因運(yùn)動(dòng)（舉重）過量而受傷為例，建議女士應(yīng)該量力而行，避免過量運(yùn)動(dòng)，故選C。14. 答案：C解析：Man開頭就說到I m worried about her going on a plane. 從中可知，他擔(dān)心的是年老的母親能不能乘飛機(jī)，故選C。15.答案：C解析：警察開頭問到 Why didn t you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads? 通過這句話就可以知道女士沒有遵守交通規(guī)則，故選C。16.答案：B解析：Man說到 Maybe you should have it fixed，女士回答到Y(jié)ou re right.這說明女士也同意男士的看法，但并未提到讓這個(gè)男士來修，故選B。17.答案：C解析：Man第二句話說到Now, I have enough money to buy that piece of land I ve had my eye on and build a house on it. 表明他能實(shí)現(xiàn)買地建房的理想了，故選C。18.答案：D解析：Woman說的第一句話是My hands still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday.從中可知這位女士昨天在冰上滑倒受傷了，但是男士認(rèn)為傷勢(shì)并不嚴(yán)重，只建議她休養(yǎng)幾天就可以了，不必去看醫(yī)生。C是較強(qiáng)的干擾項(xiàng)，應(yīng)該是女士現(xiàn)在需要休息而不是過去已經(jīng)休息了幾天，故選D。長(zhǎng)對(duì)話（19~25）答案及解析：19. What do we learn about the woman?答案：D) She was a witness to the crime.解析：文中男士需要女士描述一下?lián)尳巽y行的人（describe the man who robbed the bank）。選項(xiàng)中B提到了robbery，但是對(duì)話中沒有說明女士是受害者（victim）；D選項(xiàng)提到了她目擊了某個(gè)犯罪經(jīng)過，robbery顯然是crime的一種。20. What did the suspect look like?答案：A) A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.解析：原文中提到The man was tall, six foot, and he had dark hair, and he had moustache.，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A。21. What did the man finally asked the woman to do?答案：A) Identify the suspect from pictures.解析：對(duì)話結(jié)尾處，男士要求女士look at some photographs，很顯然，他的目的是讓女士通過照片來辨別嫌疑人。因此選擇A。22. How did the woman get to know about the job vacancy?答案：A) By reading a newspaper ad.解析： job vacancy指空缺的職位。在對(duì)話一開始，女士就說到她的目的：I m calling about the job that was in the paper last night.從這句話中可以看出她得知職位信息的來源是the paper last night，對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)。23. Why did the woman find the job appealing?答案：B) She could work close to her family.解析：本題關(guān)鍵詞是appealing，意為引起興趣的。女士提到她喜歡這份工作的原因是be near to the family.，close是near的同義替換詞，因此選擇B選項(xiàng)。24. What had the woman been doing in Geneva?答案：C) Working as a secretary.解析：女士提到她在日內(nèi)瓦做了一些secretarial work，也就是選項(xiàng)C中的secretary。雖然她也提到之前在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，但是她取得的學(xué)位是a degree in English，而非選項(xiàng)D中的a degree in French.25. What was the woman asked to do in the end?答案：C) Send in a written application as soon as possible.解析：對(duì)話中女士希望得到面試機(jī)會(huì)，但是男士要求先要遞交書面申請(qǐng)（reply a writing to the advertisement），并不是所有人都能得到面試機(jī)會(huì)，因此選擇答案C。Section BPassage One26. D) They mistake the firefighters for monsters.解析：細(xì)節(jié)題，從開始when children catch a glimpse of the masked fire fighter but hide because they think they have seen a monster一句中便可得出因?yàn)椴皇煜は廊藛T戴面具的形象，孩子們以為來救援的消防人員是怪獸，所以躲起來。所以選D。其他選項(xiàng)文中都沒有涉及到。27. B) He often teaches children what to do during a fire.28. A) He saved the life of his brother choking on food.29. D) Informative speeches can save lives.Passage Two30. C) To make money for early retirement.解析：本題考察原因，問為什么人們喜歡比較苛求但收入較高的工作，其實(shí)聽力一開始就用in order to 給出了原因，即：retire early，所以選C項(xiàng)。31. A) They may have to continue to work in old age.解析：本題考察后果，問只為當(dāng)下而活的人面臨著什么危險(xiǎn)，從 The earlier neglect of saving, however, makes it difficult not to work when you are older. 中可以看出A是正確選項(xiàng)，及在年老時(shí)有可能不得不繼續(xù)工作。32. B) Enjoying yourself while you can.Passage Three33. C) Innocent people being suspected groundlessly。34. D) Allowing only two students to enter at a time。第一個(gè)小故事中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵句后面緊跟答案。該關(guān)鍵句為， A new sign in the window told the story.而這個(gè)sign的內(nèi)容就是緊隨其后的 No more than two students at a time .35. B) He was closely watched.此題需要自己稍作總結(jié)，最后一個(gè)小故事說到文中的 我 去藥店，卻一直被盯著；此事讓 我 很是不滿。Section C36. preserve37. appreciate38. households39. chat40. convenient41. rates42. receive43. submit44. They are also sharing information about concerts and sports events, as well as jokes and their philosophies of life.45. A hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts.46. This writing practice brings rewards that can t be seen in bank accounts

解放軍文職招聘考試2010年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-06-10 21:30:152010年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題Part I Writing (30 minutes)Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前高校排名相當(dāng)盛行;2. 對(duì)于這種做法人們看法不一;3. 在我看來My Views on University RankingPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Into the UnknownThe world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a world assembly on ageing back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled Averting the Old Age Crisis , it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage.Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (財(cái)政) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey.In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90%.On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europe s most youthful countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, old countries would have to rejuvenate (使年輕) themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50 and older people turn out to vote in much greater number than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so.Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week.Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America s CSIS, in a thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications.For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world s defence effort. Because America s population will still be growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geopolitically (地緣政治上).Ask me in 2020There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most countries have recognised the need to do something and are beginning to act.But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of California, Berkeley, puts it briefly and clearly: We don t really know what population ageing will be like, because nobody has done it yet.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。1. In its 1994 report, the World Bank argued that the current pension system in most countries could ______.[A] not be sustained in the long term[B] further accelerate the ageing process[C] hardly halt the growth of population[D] help tide over the current ageing crisis2. What message is conveyed in books like Young vs Old?[A] The generation gap is bound to narrow.[B] Intergenerational conflicts will intensify.[C] The younger generation will beat the old.[D] Old people should give way to the young.3. One reason why pension and health care reforms are slow in coming is that ______.[A] nobody is willing to sacrifice their own interests to tackle the problem[B] most people are against measures that will not bear fruit immediately[C] the proposed reforms will affect too many people s interests[D] politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election4. The author believes the most effective method to solve the pension crisis is to ______.[A] allow people to work longer [C] cut back on health care provisions[B] increase tax revenues [D] start reforms right away5. The reason why employers are unwilling to keep older workers is that ______.[A] they are generally difficult to manage[B] the longer they work, the higher their pension[C] their pay is higher than that of younger ones[D] younger workers are readily available6. To compensate for the fast-shrinking labour force, Japan would need ______.[A] to revise its current population control policy[B] large numbers of immigrants from overseas[C] to automate its manufacturing and service industries[D] a politically feasible policy concerning population7. Why do many women in rich countries compromise by having only one child?[A] Small families are becoming more fashionable.[B] They find it hard to balance career and family.[C] It is too expensive to support a large family.[D] Child care is too big a problem for them.8. Compared with younger ones, older societies are less inclined to ______________________________.9. The predicted intergenerational warfare is unlikely because most of the older people themselves _________________________.10. Countries that have a shortage of young adults will be less willing to commit them to ____________________________. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。11. [A] The man is the manager of the apartment building.[B] The woman is very good at bargaining.[C] The woman will get the apartment refurnished.[D] The man is looking for an apartment.12. [A] How the pictures will turn out. [C] What the man thinks of the shots.[B] Where the botanical garden is. [D] Why the pictures are not ready.13. [A] There is no replacement for the handle.[B] There is no match for the suitcase.[C] The suitcase is not worth fixing.[D] The suitcase can be fixed in time.14. [A] He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.[B] He has a fairly large collection of quality trucks.[C] He has had his truck adapted for cold temperatures.[D] He does routine truck maintenance for the woman.15. [A] She cannot stand her boss s bad temper.[B] She has often been criticized by her boss.[C] She has made up her mind to resign.[D] She never regrets any decisions she makes.16. [A] Look for a shirt of a more suitable color and size.[B] Replace the shirt with one of some other material.[C] Visit a different store for a silk or cotton shirt.[D] Get a discount on the shirt she is going to buy.17. [A] At a Lost and Found . [C] At a trade fair.[B] At a reception desk. [D] At an exhibition.18. [A] Repair it and move in. [C] Convert it into a hotel.[B] Pass it on to his grandson. [D] Sell it for a good price.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] Unique descriptive skills. [C] Colourful world experiences.[B] Good knowledge of readers tastes. [D] Careful plotting and clueing.20. [A] A peaceful setting. [C] To be in the right mood.[B] A spacious room. [D] To be entirely alone.21. [A] They rely heavily on their own imagination.[B] They have experiences similar to the characters .[C] They look at the world in a detached manner.[D] They are overwhelmed by their own prejudices.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. [A] Good or bad, they are there to stay.[B] Like it or not, you have to use them.[C] Believe it or not, they have survived.[D] Gain or lose, they should be modernised.23. [A] The frequent train delays. [C]The food sold on the trains.[B] The high train ticket fares. [D] The monopoly of British Railways.24. [A] The low efficiency of their operation.[B] Competition from other modes of transport.[C] Constant complaints from passengers.[D] The passing of the new transport act.25. [A] They will be de-nationalised. [C] They are fast disappearing.[B] They provide worse service. [D] They lose a lot of money.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] The whole Antarctic region will be submerged.[B] Some polar animals will soon become extinct.[C] Many coastal cities will be covered with water.[D] The earth will experience extreme weathers.27. [A] How humans are to cope with global warming.[B] How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is.[C] How vulnerable the coastal cities are.[D] How polar ice impacts global weather.28. [A] It collapsed at least once in the past 1.3 million years.[B] It sits firmly on solid rock at the bottom of the ocean.[C] It melted at temperatures a bit higher than those of today.[D] It will have little impact on sea level when it breaks up.29. [A] The West Antarctic region was once an open ocean.[B] The West Antarctic ice sheet was about 7,000 feet thick.[C] The West Antarctic ice sheet was once floating ice.[D] The West Antarctic region used to be warmer than today.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] Whether we can develop social ties on the Internet.[B] Whether a deleted photo is immediately removed from the web.[C] Whether our blogs can be renewed daily.[D] Whether we can set up our own websites.31. [A] The number of visits they receive. [C] The files they have collected.[B] The way they store data. [D] The means they use to get information.32. [A] When the system is down. [C] When the URL is reused.[B] When new links are set up. [D] When the server is restarted.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] Some iced coffees have as many calories as a hot dinner.[B] Iced coffees sold by some popular chains are contaminated.[C] Drinking coffee after a meal is more likely to cause obesity.[D] Some brand-name coffees contain harmful substances.34. [A] Have some fresh fruit. [C] Take a hot shower.[B] Exercise at the gym. [D] Eat a hot dinner.35. [A] They could enjoy a happier family life.[B] They could greatly improve their work efficiency.[C] Many cancer cases could be prevented.[D] Many embarrassing situations could be avoided.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分試題在答題卡2上作答。Psychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly vital role in giving people a measurable advantage in realms as (36) _____________ as academic achievement, bearing up in tough jobs and coping with (37) ______________ illness. And, by contrast, the loss of hope is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may (38) ______________ suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks.Hope has proven a powerful predictor of (39) ______________ in every study we ve done so far, said Dr. Charles R. Snyder, a psychologist who has devised a (40) ______________ to assess how much hope a person has.For example, in research with 3,920 college students, Dr. Snyder and his (41) ______________ found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first semester was a more (42) ______________ predictor of their college grades than were their S.A.T. scores or their grade point (43) ______________ in high school, the two measures most commonly used to predict college performance.(44) ___________________________________________________________________________________________, Dr. Snyder said. When you compare students of equivalent intelligence and past academic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.In devising a way to assess hope scientifically, Dr. Snyder (45)_______________________________________________________. That notion is not concrete enough, and it blurs two key components of hope, Dr. Snyder said. (46) _____________________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Most young boys are trained to believe that men should be strong, tough, cool, and detached. Thus, they learn early to hide vulnerable emotions such as love, joy, and sadness because they believe that such feelings are feminine and imply weakness. Over time, some men become strangers to their own emotional lives. It seems that men with traditional views of masculinity are more likely to suppress outward emotions and to fear emotions, supposedly because such feelings may lead to a loss of composure (鎮(zhèn)定). Keep in mind, however, that this view is challenged by some researchers. As with many gender gaps, differences in emotionality tend to be small, inconsistent, and dependent on the situation. For instance, Robertson and colleagues found that males who were more traditionally masculine were more emotionally expressive in a structured exercise than when they were simply asked to talk about their emotions.Males difficulty with tender emotions has serious consequences. First, suppressed emotions can contribute to stress-related disorders. And worse, men are less likely than women to seek help from health professionals. Second, men s emotional inexpressiveness can cause problems in their relationships with partners and children. For example, men who endorse traditional masculine norms report lower relationship satisfaction, as do their female partners. Further, children whose fathers are warm, loving, and accepting toward them have higher self-esteem and lower rates of aggression and behavior problems. On a positive note, fathers are increasingly involving themselves with their children. And 30 percent of fathers report that they take equal or greater responsibility for their children than their working wives do.One emotion males are allowed to express is anger. Sometimes this anger translates into physical aggression or violence. Men commit nearly 90 percent of violent crimes in the United States and almost all sexual assaults.注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。47. Most young boys have been trained to believe that men who show tender feelings are considered to be ______________.48. Some men believe that if they expressed their emotions openly they might ______________.49. According to the author, men who suppress their emotions may develop ______________.50. Men who observe traditional masculine norms are said to derive less satisfaction from ______________.51. When males get angry, they can become ______________ or even commit violence.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific problems, but also reform politics, government, and business. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. American scholars fanned out across much of the world with support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program, etc. to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case for democratic freedoms.In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math). There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership.At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities while still popular in elite colleges and universities have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because they provide no obvious credentials (資質(zhì)) for most nonacademic careers.Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the state of American universities today is focused on the absence of real world education which means preparation for professional and scientific careers. But the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished (貧困的) without humanistic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do.It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。52. In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could _______.[A] solve virtually all existing problems [C] help raise people s living standards[B] quicken the pace of industrialization [D] promote the nation s social progress53. Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studies after World WarⅡ?[A] They wanted to improve their own status within the current education system.[B] They believed the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic studies.[C] They could get financial support from various foundations for humanistic studies.[D] They realized science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.54. Why are American scholars worried about education today?[A] The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn.[B] Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences.[C] America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.[D] There are not enough scholars in humanistic studies.55. What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today?[A] Insufficient funding. [C] Shortage of devoted faculty.[B] Shrinking enrollment. [D] Dim prospects for graduates.56. Why does the author attach so much importance to humanistic studies?[A] They promote the development of science and technology.[B] They help prepare students for their professional careers.[C] Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values.[D] Humanistic thinking helps cultivate students creativity.Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn t been born yet, or is a baby now. That s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn t long before he became a philosopher himself.The independence created by philosophical insight is in my opinion the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth, Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical and rewarding efforts.Maybe there is an Einstein out there today, said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea! Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you ll find the solution.Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his miracle year of 1905. These thought experiments were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.What might happen to such a submission today?We all get papers like those in the mail, Greene said. We put them in the junk file.注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。57. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs?[A] Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.[B] It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.[C] No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.[D] It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.58. What was critical to Einstein s success?[A] His talent as an accomplished musician.[B] His independent and abstract thinking.[C] His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.[D] His solid foundation in math theory.59. What does the author tell us about physicists today?[A] They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.[B] They are very good at solving practical problems.[C] They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.[D] They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.60. What does Brian Greene imply by saying ... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard (Lines 1-2, Para. 9)?[A] People have to compete in order to get their papers published.[B] It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.[C] Papers like Einstein s would unlikely get published today.[D] Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.61. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______.[A] forgot to make footnotes and citations[B] was little known in academic circles[C] was known as a young genius in math calculations[D] knew nothing about the format of academic papersPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。America s most popular newspaper website today announced that the era of free online journalism is drawing to a close. The New York Times has become the biggest publisher yet to 62 plans for a paywall around its digital offering, 63 the accepted practice that internet users will not pay for news.Struggling 64 an evaporation of advertising and a downward drift in street corner sales, The New York Times 65 to introduce a metered model at the beginning of 2011. Readers will be required to pay when they have 66 a set number of its online articles per month.The decision puts the 159-year-old newspaper 67 the charging side of an increasingly wide chasm (鴻溝) in the media industry. But others, including the Guardian, have said they will not 68 internet readers, and certain papers, 69 London s Evening Standard, have gone further in abandoning readership revenue by making their print editions 70 .The New York Times s publisher, Arthur Sulzberger, 71 that the move is a gamble: This is a 72 , to a certain degree, in where we think the web is going.Boasting a print 73 of 995,000 on weekdays and 1.4 million on Sundays, The New York Times is the third bestselling American newspaper, 74 the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. 75 most US papers focus on a single city, The New York Times is among the few that can 76 national scope as well as 16 bureaus in the New York area, it has 11 offices around the US and 77 26 bureaus elsewhere in the world.But 78 many in the publishing industry, the paper is in the grip of a 79 financial crisis. Its parent company, the New York Times Company, has 15 papers, but 80 a loss of $70 million in the nine months to September and recently accepted a $250 million 81 from a Mexican billionaire, Carlos Slim, to strengthen its balance sheet.62. [A] set in [C] carry over[B] set out [D] carry away63. [A] abusing [C] developing[B] deducting [D] abandoning64. [A] with [C] along[B] beside [D] by65. [A] engages [C] deliberates[B] intends [D] signifies66. [A] exceeded [C] assumed[B] multiplied [D] revealed67. [A] on [C] over[B] of [D] up68. [A] cost [C] expend[B] consume [D] charge69. [A] as for [C] such as[B] far from [D] by far70. [A] reliable [C] applicable[B] free [D] easy71. [A] resisted [C] acknowledged[B] certified [D] appealed72. [A] net [C] bet[B] kit [D] pit73. [A] evaluation [C] circulation[B] expansion [D] dimension74. [A] behind [C] before[B] against [D] within75. [A] If [C] Hence[B] While [D] Because76. [A] ascend [C] lengthen[B] announce [D] claim77. [A] contributes [C] maintains[B] disposes [D] encounters78. [A] like [C] from[B] beyond [D] through79. [A] heavy [C] rough[B] crude [D] serious80. [A] targeted [C] suffered[B] suspended [D] tolerated81. [A] asset [C] account[B] bill [D] loan大的美女編輯們Part VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答，只需寫出譯文部分。82. There is no denying that you __________________________________ (越仔細(xì)越好) in dealing with this matter.83. Only when I reached my thirties _____________________________(我才意識(shí)到讀書是不能被忽視的).84. Much _________________________________(使研究人員感到驚訝), the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected.85. Oh, my, I can t find my key; ______________________________(我一定是把它忘在哪兒了).86. I ____________________________________________ (寧愿加入你們?nèi)プ隽x工) than go to the beach for a holiday.試題答案：Part ⅠWritingMy View on University RankingIn recent years, all kinds of University Ranking Lists can be found on some educational websites, or newspapers. The ranking standards also vary. These lists have great influence on students. They are even becoming the only scale to evaluate the colleges and universities.People hold different views toward this phenomenon. Some believe that these lists help the students a lot, especially for those who will choose their university. While some other protest vigorously. In their points, the list is really ridiculous and harmful. In my view, the university ranking may have its own reference values, but its disadvantages overweigh its values.For those university-students-to-be, they are supposed to choose the school according to his or her own situation, but not the so-called Ranking List. What s more, how about the university students? How do they feel about themselves when they see the ranking? The list may become some intangible shackles for them if their own school ranks poorly.In a nutshell, there is no easy method to rank these universities, but the Ranking, only helps students ignore the essentials, namely, their ninety-nine percent perspiration.此次六級(jí)作文的自由度很大，看似給出了提綱，實(shí)際上具體的觀點(diǎn)全靠個(gè)人發(fā)揮。第一段需要點(diǎn)明大學(xué)排名這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，第二段需要鋪陳不同人的觀點(diǎn)，第三段要陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)。大學(xué)排名這個(gè)題目，實(shí)際上涉及到了對(duì)了大學(xué)的理解，對(duì)于大學(xué)排名標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的理解，以及對(duì)于大學(xué)排名的目的的理解。而這件事更加離不開中國(guó)具體的國(guó)情，新中國(guó)50年代人至今受教育的情況，90后擇校的情況，目前大學(xué)的情況，考生發(fā)揮的空間可以縱橫數(shù)十年的教育史，并且可以深入探討教育的本質(zhì)。當(dāng)然，對(duì)于大多數(shù)考生來說，湊滿150個(gè)字萬(wàn)歲！那么，模板又可以派上用場(chǎng)了。模板一1.Different people have different views on2. Some people perfer,3. Others tend to,4.As to me, I agree with / to(1)開門見山直入主體，表明對(duì)某事人們的不同看法。(2)表明一部分人的看法。(3)另一部分的看法。(4)作者的看法Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）1．A not be sustained in the long term解析：關(guān)鍵字1994對(duì)應(yīng)第一段第三行，題干中unsustainable即選項(xiàng)A中sustained的反義表達(dá)方式。選擇A。2．B Intergenerational conflicts will intensify.解析：從書名定位到原文第二段，heading for the rock, the cleaner, 都暗示了兩代人之間的問題，最后的warfare則一目了然地指出了該矛盾。3．D politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election4．A allow people to work longer解析：從題干中the most effective method找到第五段第三句原話，直接選擇A選項(xiàng)。5．D younger workers are readily available解析：題目中employer為關(guān)鍵字，找到第六段，該段看似沒有直接提到為什么雇主不愿意雇傭old workers，但從其不斷分析新涌現(xiàn)出來的勞動(dòng)力替代者，可以總結(jié)的出D選項(xiàng)，即年輕勞動(dòng)力的供給已足以滿足企業(yè)需求。6．B large numbers of immigrants from overseas解析：這道題間接考察了學(xué)生變換思維的能力，Japan在文中一時(shí)難以找到，但其所代表的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家群體developed countries卻出現(xiàn)在了第七段，而該段恰恰揭示了發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家靠移民勞動(dòng)力尋求養(yǎng)老機(jī)制危機(jī)一時(shí)的緩解的舉措。7．B They find it hard to balance career and family.解析：compromise關(guān)鍵字找到第九段，關(guān)鍵字出現(xiàn)的句子前一句就是B選項(xiàng)。8．be innovative and take risks than younger ones解析：題目中old societies關(guān)鍵字對(duì)應(yīng)到倒數(shù)第六段第三行，題目中的less inclined正好與原文中的more strongly disinclined形成對(duì)照，所以答案只需摘錄之后的原文即可，即take risks than younger ones.9．mostly have families解析：題目中關(guān)鍵字intergenerational warfare對(duì)應(yīng)到原文倒數(shù)第五段。第二句直接對(duì)第一句做出了解釋，摘錄即可。10．military service解析：要理解題目中l(wèi)ess willing to 的含義，即不情愿，這樣定位到倒數(shù)第三段第一句的reluctant， commit sth. to sth. ，空格內(nèi)需要填寫名詞，參照原文，即military service.Listening ComprehensionSection A11. What can we infer from the conversation?12. What is the woman eager to know?13. What does the man mean?14. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?15. What do we learn about the woman?16. What does the women want to do？17. Where does this conversation most probably take place?18. What does the man plan to do with his old house?19. What is the key to write a good classical detective story according to the man?20. What does the man mainly need when working on a book?21. What does the man say about writers?22. What does the woman say about British railways?23. What do some people who write to the man complain about?24. What does the man say threatens the existence of railways?25. What does the man say about railways in other countries?Section BPassage One難點(diǎn)詞匯：West Antarctic ice sheet西南極洲大冰原 ice shelf 冰架 anchored 固定的fossil 化石 microscopic marine plants 海洋微生物 geological 地質(zhì)的答案及解析：26. What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage?細(xì)節(jié)題。本題不難，從聽力開頭即可聽到 raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded 所以選C選項(xiàng)。27. What do scientists disagree on?細(xì)節(jié)題。本題不難。注意關(guān)鍵句 but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is 即可得出答案。28. What is the latest information revealed about the West Antarctic ice sheet?細(xì)節(jié)題。注意提取關(guān)鍵信息 new evidence reveals that all or most of the Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years 所以選A選項(xiàng)。29. What the scientists latest findings suggest?細(xì)節(jié)題。聽力最后的例子說明了這一點(diǎn) which suggest that the region was once open ocean not solid ice ， 而其他選項(xiàng)都不是最新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。Passage Two30 B）Whether a deleted photo is immediately removed from the web.31 B) The way they store data.32 C) When the URL is reused.Passage Three33. A解析：第一段原文可以找到對(duì)應(yīng)句子，即some iced coffees contain as many calories as a hot dinner.34. B解析：第一段原文中有對(duì)應(yīng)語(yǔ)句，即Better skip dinner or hit the gym afterwards.35. C解析：在此句中， The WCRF has estimated that 19,000 cancers a year in Britain could be prevented ，關(guān)鍵詞prevented可以得知答案為C選項(xiàng)。Section C36. diverse37. tragic38. commit39. outcome40. scale41. colleagues42. accurate43. averages45. Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them,46. went beyond the simple notion that hope is merely the sense that everything will turn out all right.47. Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals, whatever they may be.Reading Comprehension（Reading in Depth）Section A47.答案：feminine and weak解析：文中提到 because they believe that such feelings are feminine and imply weakness. 要填在to be后面就應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞形式。48.答案：lose composure解析：文中提到may lead to a loss of composure。要用在主語(yǔ)后面就要把loss變成動(dòng)詞lose。49.答案：stress-related disorders解析：文中提到can contribute to stress-related disorder。50.答案：their relationship with partners解析：文中提到 report lower relationship satisfaction as do their female partners.故這里要重新組合轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)形式。51.答案：aggressive解析：文中提到 into physically aggression or violence，而此處在become后就要用aggression的形容詞形式。Section BPassage One52) A solve virtually existing all problems細(xì)節(jié)題。抓住時(shí)間點(diǎn) In the early 2oth century 我們從第一句 offer solutions to almost every problem 便可知道答案。選擇A選項(xiàng)。53) D They realized that science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.推論題。 我們首先比較容易排除A和C項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)具有迷惑性，關(guān)鍵是看 the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic study 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)仔細(xì)看就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)說得太絕對(duì)了，社會(huì)的問題主要是靠人文主義的研究？顯然不是很恰當(dāng)。我們從下面那句也可以推斷出選D比較恰當(dāng)。 Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world.54) C America is lagging behind in the STEMS disciplines.55) A Insufficient funding.細(xì)節(jié)題。我們?cè)诘谌卫锟梢哉业酱鸢浮?從 are seriously underfunded Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members 這些信息中，可以很快知道是A選項(xiàng)。56) C Humanistic thinking helps cultivate and define our culture and values.細(xì)節(jié)題。本題不難。作者為什么如此著重人文主義的研究，其他三項(xiàng)都是非常具體的，且都不是重點(diǎn)。只有C選項(xiàng)符合。且我們從最后這一句 But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. 及作者的語(yǔ)氣可以更加確定是C選項(xiàng)。Passage Two57. D. It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.58. B. His independent and abstract thinking59. D. They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.60. D. Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.解析：正確答案選擇D。結(jié)合Greene講的話，他說What an idea!還說是需要把頭往墻上撞的人才會(huì)相信能找到個(gè)解決方案呢！說明內(nèi)容實(shí)在是比較荒誕。61. B. was little known in academic circlesCloze62 B set out set out plans表示制定計(jì)劃63 D abandoning abandon 放棄，once unshakeable orthodoxy表示曾經(jīng)不可動(dòng)搖的做法，也就是現(xiàn)在要放棄了。64 A with struggle with表示同 斗爭(zhēng)，介詞搭配，這里表示設(shè)法應(yīng)對(duì)廣告收入和報(bào)紙銷售量下降的局面。65 B intends intend to表示打算 ,從后面的at the beginning of 2011，可知還沒有這么做，只是計(jì)劃或者打算這么做。67 A on 和side搭配，on the side of 表示擁護(hù) ；站在 一邊。69 C such as 表示舉例，從后面舉London"s Evening Standard作為例子，可知應(yīng)該選such as.70 B free 前面提到abandon readership revenue，即放棄讀者收益，由此可知應(yīng)該是make print editions free.71 C acknowledged 表示承認(rèn)，這里表示Arthur Sulzberger承認(rèn)這么做是一種賭博。72 C bet 打賭，賭注，從前面的gamble可知應(yīng)該選bet。73 C circulation 發(fā)行量，從后面的數(shù)量可知應(yīng)該選circulation。74 A behind NYT排名第三，即排在the Wall Street Journal and USA Today后面。75 B While while在這里表示對(duì)比，從上下文可知NYT與美國(guó)其他報(bào)紙不同。76 D claim 聲稱，宣稱，這里是說NYT聲稱自己是全國(guó)范圍的報(bào)紙。77 C maintains 維持，運(yùn)營(yíng)，即NYT還在世界其他地方運(yùn)營(yíng)著26個(gè)辦公室。78 A like 從下文可知NYT和印刷行業(yè)的其他公司一樣，也受到金融危機(jī)的影響，所以選like，表示同 一樣。79 D serious 嚴(yán)重的，考察形容詞與名詞的搭配，從下文的數(shù)據(jù)可知遭受嚴(yán)重經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。80 C suffered 遭受，suffer a loss遭受損失，常見搭配。81 D loan 貸款，前文提到公司損失了很多錢，所以需要從別處借錢來補(bǔ)充資金。Translation82. There is no denying that you ___________(越仔細(xì)越好) in dealing with this matter.解析：can never be too careful / can not be too careful83. Only when I reached my thirties __________________________ (我才意識(shí)到讀書是不能被忽視的)解析：did I realize that reading cannot be neglecteddid I realize that reading is unignorable84. Much ___________________ (使研究人員感到驚訝)，the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected.解析：to the researchers surprise85. Oh, my, I can t find my key; __________________________（我一定是把它放在哪兒了）。解析：I must have left / put it somewhere.86．I ________________________(寧愿加入你們?nèi)プ隽x工)than go to the beach for a holiday.解析：would rather join you as a volunteer

2017年軍隊(duì)文職行測(cè)考試：行測(cè)中關(guān)于“撲克”的考法-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育

一、關(guān)于 撲克 的數(shù)字一副撲克牌有54張牌，其中52張是正牌，另2張是副牌(大王和小王)。52張正牌又均分為13張一組，并以黑桃、紅桃、梅花、方塊四種花色表示各組，每組花色的牌包括從1-10(1通常表示為A)以及J、Q、K標(biāo)示的13張牌。二、可考察知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.抽屜原理與最不利原則2.概率3.排列組合三、真題講練A.40 B.42 C.44 D.45解析：同上題考察最不利原則。需要已抽出3個(gè)所有點(diǎn)數(shù)+大小王，再抽到任意一張一定會(huì)和已抽出的牌點(diǎn)數(shù)重復(fù)，即3 13+2+1=42張。A.1 / 17 B.2 / 17 C.1 / 19 D.2 / 19解析：我們先計(jì)算一下找到某個(gè)特定點(diǎn)數(shù)的對(duì)子的概率，比如兩個(gè)K的概率，然后乘以13即可。先從52張牌任選一張K的概率是4 / 52，然后從剩下的51張中再選一張K的概率為3 / 51，所以兩張K的概率是兩次概率相乘，等于1 / 221。則答案為13 1 / 221 = 1 / 17 。